docs: add responsive terminal documentation

- Add docs/features/terminal.md with user guide, connection states,
  keyboard shortcuts, protocol details, and troubleshooting
- Update docs/architecture/frontend.md with terminal component stack,
  connection hook behavior, and data flow diagrams
- Update docs/architecture/backend.md with terminal system architecture,
  protocol reference, message batching, and reconnect behavior
- Update docs/README.md to include terminal in feature list
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# Web Terminal
## Overview
The web terminal provides an interactive shell session inside running tool instances directly from your browser. It uses xterm.js to render a full terminal emulator connected via WebSocket to a PTY-backed docker exec session.
The terminal is designed to feel as close to a local terminal as possible, with features for network resilience, low-latency typing, and session continuity.
## How to Use
### Opening a Terminal
1. Navigate to a **project** and select a **repository**
2. Go to the repository **workspace**
3. Start or select a **tool instance** that supports the terminal interface
4. Click the **"Open Terminal"** button
The terminal opens in full-page mode with a status bar at the top.
### Terminal Layout
```
┌─────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ ● Connected [Reconnect] [×] │
├─────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│ │
│ user@container:~$ ls -la │
│ total 128 │
│ drwxr-xr-x 5 user user 4096 May 27 10:00 │
│ ... │
│ │
└─────────────────────────────────────────────┘
```
**Status bar (top):**
- **Connection dot** — color indicates connection health
- **Status text** — shows current state and latency
- **Reconnect button** — appears when disconnected
- **Close button** — returns to the previous page
### Connection States
| Indicator | Meaning | Action |
|-----------|---------|--------|
| 🟡 **Yellow dot** + "Connecting..." | Opening WebSocket | Wait or check network |
| 🟢 **Green dot** + "Connected" | Healthy connection (<100ms) | Ready to use |
| 🟡 **Yellow dot** + "Slow (150ms)" | Elevated latency | Connection usable but laggy |
| 🟡 **Yellow dot** + "Reconnecting (2)" | Connection lost, retrying | Wait for auto-reconnect |
| ⚪ **Gray dot** + "Disconnected" | Max retries exceeded | Click Reconnect or refresh |
**Hover the status dot** to see the current round-trip latency in milliseconds.
### Typing
Type normally as you would in a local terminal. The terminal supports:
- **Printable characters** appear instantly (local echo)
- **Special keys** (Tab, Enter, Ctrl+C, arrow keys) are sent to the server
- **Password prompts** automatically suppress local echo
- **Unicode** input and output
### Reconnecting
The terminal **automatically reconnects** if the WebSocket drops:
- Brief disconnects (WiFi hiccups, proxy timeouts) are recovered within 15 seconds
- Up to **10 reconnection attempts** with exponential backoff
- **Scrollback is preserved** across reconnects
- A visual divider (`--- Reconnected ---`) separates old and new output
**Manual reconnect:**
- Click the **Reconnect** button in the status bar
- Or press **Ctrl+Shift+R** anywhere in the terminal page
### Session Ended
When the container process exits (e.g., you run `exit` or the container stops), the terminal shows an overlay:
```
┌─────────────────────────┐
│ Session Ended │
│ The container process │
│ has exited. │
│ │
│ [Reconnect] [Go Back] │
└─────────────────────────┘
```
- **Reconnect** — spawns a new shell session in the same container
- **Go Back** — returns to the workspace page
## Keyboard Shortcuts
| Shortcut | Action |
|----------|--------|
| `Ctrl+Shift+R` | Force reconnect (bypasses backoff) |
| Standard terminal shortcuts | `Ctrl+C`, `Ctrl+D`, `Ctrl+L`, Tab completion, etc. |
## Technical Details
### WebSocket Protocol
The terminal communicates over a binary WebSocket with mixed JSON control messages.
**Connection:**
```
ws://api.example.com/ws/tool-instances/{instance_id}/terminal
```
**Binary frames** carry raw terminal I/O. **Text (JSON) frames** carry control messages:
**Client → Server:**
- `{"type":"ping","id":n}` — heartbeat ping
- `{"type":"resize","cols":120,"rows":40}` — terminal resize
- Raw bytes — keystroke input
**Server → Client:**
- `{"type":"pong","id":n}` — heartbeat response
- `{"type":"status","status":"connected"}` — session ready
- `{"type":"set_echo_state","enabled":false}` — disable local echo
- `{"type":"session_ended","reason":"process_exit"}` — session ended
- Raw bytes — terminal output
### Architecture
```
Browser Backend
┌──────────────────────┐ ┌─────────────────────────────┐
│ TerminalComponent │ │ terminal.py (WS endpoint) │
│ ├─ xterm.js │◄───────►│ ├─ auth + session mgmt │
│ ├─ FitAddon │ WS │ └─ echo state detection │
│ ├─ SerializeAddon │ │ │
│ └─ useTerminalConn. │ │ TerminalManager │
│ ├─ heartbeat │ │ ├─ read_loop (batching) │
│ ├─ reconnect │ │ ├─ write_loop │
│ ├─ local echo │ │ └─ heartbeat_loop │
│ └─ resize throttle│ │ │
│ │ │ TerminalSession │
│ sessionStorage │ │ ├─ PTY + docker exec │
│ (scrollback backup) │ │ └─ termios echo detection │
└──────────────────────┘ └─────────────────────────────┘
```
### Reconnect Behavior
On disconnect:
1. The client serializes terminal scrollback to `sessionStorage`
2. Backoff timer starts (1s, 2s, 4s, 8s, 16s, then caps at 30s)
3. On reconnect, scrollback is restored + divider line
4. A new `docker exec` session is spawned transparently
**Note:** The underlying docker exec PTY is not resumable. Reconnect creates a new shell, but scrollback continuity makes this transparent.
### Performance
- **Local echo** makes printable characters appear in <1ms
- **Message batching** on the backend reduces WebSocket frame overhead
- **Resize debouncing** (200ms) + throttling (500ms) prevents server spam
- **Heartbeat interval** is 15s to balance detection speed with server load
## Troubleshooting
### "Connecting..." stays yellow
**Issue:** WebSocket cannot open
**Check:**
1. Is the API server running?
2. Is the tool instance in "running" status?
3. Check browser console for connection errors
4. Verify the `VITE_API_BASE_URL` points to the correct API
### "Reconnecting" loops forever
**Issue:** Max reconnection attempts exceeded
**Check:**
1. Is the container still running? (`docker ps`)
2. Did the container crash or get stopped?
3. Check server logs for `Terminal session error`
### Typing feels slow
**Issue:** High latency or no local echo
**Check:**
1. Hover the status dot — latency >100ms is shown as "Slow"
2. Local echo only works for printable ASCII characters
3. Password prompts intentionally disable echo
4. Very high latency may indicate a congested network
### Terminal is blank after reconnect
**Issue:** Scrollback not restored
**Check:**
1. `sessionStorage` may have been cleared (new browser session)
2. The scrollback cap is 10,000 lines — very long sessions may truncate
3. Browser privacy settings may block `sessionStorage`
### "Session Ended" immediately
**Issue:** Container process exits right away
**Check:**
1. The container's default command may have finished
2. Check the tool type's Docker Compose template
3. Some tools (like one-off scripts) are not meant for persistent terminal sessions
## Configuration
No additional configuration is required. The terminal adapts automatically to:
- Browser window size (via ResizeObserver)
- System light/dark theme preference
- Network conditions (reconnect backoff)
## Related Features
- [Workspace](workspace.md) — Open the terminal from the repository workspace
- [Tool Types](tool-types.md) — Configure which tools expose a terminal interface
- [SSH Keys](ssh-keys.md) — Manage SSH keys for repository access from within the terminal