# Web Terminal

## Overview

The web terminal provides an interactive shell session inside running tool instances directly from your browser. It uses xterm.js to render a full terminal emulator connected via WebSocket to a PTY-backed docker exec session.

The terminal is designed to feel as close to a local terminal as possible, with features for network resilience, low-latency typing, and session continuity.

## How to Use

### Opening a Terminal

1. Navigate to a **project** and select a **repository**
2. Go to the repository **workspace**
3. Start or select a **tool instance** that supports the terminal interface
4. Click the **"Open Terminal"** button

The terminal opens in full-page mode with a status bar at the top.

### Terminal Layout

```
┌─────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│  ● Connected                [Reconnect] [×] │
├─────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│                                             │
│  user@container:~$ ls -la                   │
│  total 128                                  │
│  drwxr-xr-x  5 user user 4096 May 27 10:00 │
│  ...                                        │
│                                             │
└─────────────────────────────────────────────┘
```

**Status bar (top):**
- **Connection dot** — color indicates connection health
- **Status text** — shows current state and latency
- **Reconnect button** — appears when disconnected
- **Close button** — returns to the previous page

### Connection States

| Indicator | Meaning | Action |
|-----------|---------|--------|
| 🟡 **Yellow dot** + "Connecting..." | Opening WebSocket | Wait or check network |
| 🟢 **Green dot** + "Connected" | Healthy connection (<100ms) | Ready to use |
| 🟡 **Yellow dot** + "Slow (150ms)" | Elevated latency | Connection usable but laggy |
| 🟡 **Yellow dot** + "Reconnecting (2)" | Connection lost, retrying | Wait for auto-reconnect |
| ⚪ **Gray dot** + "Disconnected" | Max retries exceeded | Click Reconnect or refresh |

**Hover the status dot** to see the current round-trip latency in milliseconds.

### Typing

Type normally as you would in a local terminal. The terminal supports:

- **Printable characters** appear instantly (local echo)
- **Special keys** (Tab, Enter, Ctrl+C, arrow keys) are sent to the server
- **Password prompts** automatically suppress local echo
- **Unicode** input and output

### Reconnecting

The terminal **automatically reconnects** if the WebSocket drops:

- Brief disconnects (WiFi hiccups, proxy timeouts) are recovered within 1–5 seconds
- Up to **10 reconnection attempts** with exponential backoff
- **Scrollback is preserved** across reconnects
- A visual divider (`--- Reconnected ---`) separates old and new output

**Manual reconnect:**
- Click the **Reconnect** button in the status bar
- Or press **Ctrl+Shift+R** anywhere in the terminal page

### Session Ended

When the container process exits (e.g., you run `exit` or the container stops), the terminal shows an overlay:

```
┌─────────────────────────┐
│    Session Ended        │
│ The container process   │
│ has exited.             │
│                         │
│ [Reconnect]  [Go Back]  │
└─────────────────────────┘
```

- **Reconnect** — spawns a new shell session in the same container
- **Go Back** — returns to the workspace page

## Keyboard Shortcuts

| Shortcut | Action |
|----------|--------|
| `Ctrl+Shift+R` | Force reconnect (bypasses backoff) |
| Standard terminal shortcuts | `Ctrl+C`, `Ctrl+D`, `Ctrl+L`, Tab completion, etc. |

## Technical Details

### WebSocket Protocol

The terminal communicates over a binary WebSocket with mixed JSON control messages.

**Connection:**
```
ws://api.example.com/ws/tool-instances/{instance_id}/terminal
```

**Binary frames** carry raw terminal I/O. **Text (JSON) frames** carry control messages:

**Client → Server:**
- `{"type":"ping","id":n}` — heartbeat ping
- `{"type":"resize","cols":120,"rows":40}` — terminal resize
- Raw bytes — keystroke input

**Server → Client:**
- `{"type":"pong","id":n}` — heartbeat response
- `{"type":"status","status":"connected"}` — session ready
- `{"type":"set_echo_state","enabled":false}` — disable local echo
- `{"type":"session_ended","reason":"process_exit"}` — session ended
- Raw bytes — terminal output

### Architecture

```
Browser                          Backend
┌──────────────────────┐         ┌─────────────────────────────┐
│ TerminalComponent    │         │ terminal.py (WS endpoint)   │
│ ├─ xterm.js          │◄───────►│ ├─ auth + session mgmt      │
│ ├─ FitAddon          │  WS     │ └─ echo state detection     │
│ ├─ SerializeAddon    │         │                             │
│ └─ useTerminalConn.  │         │ TerminalManager             │
│    ├─ heartbeat      │         │ ├─ read_loop (batching)     │
│    ├─ reconnect      │         │ ├─ write_loop               │
│    ├─ local echo     │         │ └─ heartbeat_loop           │
│    └─ resize throttle│         │                             │
│                      │         │ TerminalSession             │
│ sessionStorage       │         │ ├─ PTY + docker exec        │
│ (scrollback backup)  │         │ └─ termios echo detection   │
└──────────────────────┘         └─────────────────────────────┘
```

### Reconnect Behavior

On disconnect:
1. The client serializes terminal scrollback to `sessionStorage`
2. Backoff timer starts (1s, 2s, 4s, 8s, 16s, then caps at 30s)
3. On reconnect, scrollback is restored + divider line
4. A new `docker exec` session is spawned transparently

**Note:** The underlying docker exec PTY is not resumable. Reconnect creates a new shell, but scrollback continuity makes this transparent.

### Performance

- **Local echo** makes printable characters appear in <1ms
- **Message batching** on the backend reduces WebSocket frame overhead
- **Resize debouncing** (200ms) + throttling (500ms) prevents server spam
- **Heartbeat interval** is 15s to balance detection speed with server load

## Troubleshooting

### "Connecting..." stays yellow

**Issue:** WebSocket cannot open
**Check:**
1. Is the API server running?
2. Is the tool instance in "running" status?
3. Check browser console for connection errors
4. Verify the `VITE_API_BASE_URL` points to the correct API

### "Reconnecting" loops forever

**Issue:** Max reconnection attempts exceeded
**Check:**
1. Is the container still running? (`docker ps`)
2. Did the container crash or get stopped?
3. Check server logs for `Terminal session error`

### Typing feels slow

**Issue:** High latency or no local echo
**Check:**
1. Hover the status dot — latency >100ms is shown as "Slow"
2. Local echo only works for printable ASCII characters
3. Password prompts intentionally disable echo
4. Very high latency may indicate a congested network

### Terminal is blank after reconnect

**Issue:** Scrollback not restored
**Check:**
1. `sessionStorage` may have been cleared (new browser session)
2. The scrollback cap is 10,000 lines — very long sessions may truncate
3. Browser privacy settings may block `sessionStorage`

### "Session Ended" immediately

**Issue:** Container process exits right away
**Check:**
1. The container's default command may have finished
2. Check the tool type's Docker Compose template
3. Some tools (like one-off scripts) are not meant for persistent terminal sessions

## Configuration

No additional configuration is required. The terminal adapts automatically to:
- Browser window size (via ResizeObserver)
- System light/dark theme preference
- Network conditions (reconnect backoff)

## Related Features

- [Workspace](workspace.md) — Open the terminal from the repository workspace
- [Tool Types](tool-types.md) — Configure which tools expose a terminal interface
- [SSH Keys](ssh-keys.md) — Manage SSH keys for repository access from within the terminal