style(widgets): apply formatter to widget rebind files

PR 2 of 4 for the runtime service registry change.

- dashboard_widgets gains service_id + widget_kind columns (legacy
  addon_id/widget_type kept but unused).
- Source adapters take (service: ServiceRecord | None, widget_kind, config).
  SERVICE_ADAPTERS keyed by service_type; BUILTIN_ADAPTERS for backups/static.
- Backups and static stay as service-less built-ins (service_id nullable),
  exposed via GET /api/widgets/builtin.
- SSH task adapter resolves the task + instance, runs over SSH, and appends a
  service_task_runs history row on success/failure/timeout/error.
- Retire widgets/registry.py; widget metadata now comes from the integrations
  registry + widgets/builtin. Remove /api/widgets/types and /api/widgets/sources.
- Stop default widget seeding (fresh install = empty dashboard).
- Rewrite widget tests around the service-bound + built-in model (26 tests).

Backend-only breaking change; frontend is reconciled in Slice 3. Build/lint
stay green; pytest 222 passed.

.env.example

@@ -29,6 +29,9 @@ ALERTMANAGER_URL=http://alertmanager:9093
 ALERTMANAGER_WEBHOOK_URL=
 GRAFANA_URL=http://grafana:3000
 PROMETHEUS_URL=http://prometheus:9090
+# Required: master key for encrypting service secrets (API keys/tokens) at rest.
+# Generate one with: python -c "from cryptography.fernet import Fernet; print(Fernet.generate_key().decode())"
+MANAGE_ENCRYPTION_KEY=replace-with-a-fernet-key
 BACKEND_CACHE_DIR=./backend-cache
 
 # Auth

README.md

@@ -89,6 +89,7 @@ export VITE_OIDC_REDIRECT_URI=https://manage.example.com/oidc/callback
 export VITE_OIDC_POST_LOGOUT_REDIRECT_URI=https://manage.example.com/
 export VITE_GRAFANA_URL=https://grafana.manage.example.com
 export VITE_PROMETHEUS_URL=https://prometheus.manage.example.com
+export MANAGE_ENCRYPTION_KEY=$(python -c "from cryptography.fernet import Fernet; print(Fernet.generate_key().decode())")
 
 docker compose up --build
 ```
@@ -148,6 +149,10 @@ GRAFANA_URL=http://grafana:3000
 PROMETHEUS_URL=http://prometheus:9090
 VITE_GRAFANA_URL=https://grafana.manage.example.com
 VITE_PROMETHEUS_URL=https://prometheus.manage.example.com
+
+# Required: master key encrypting service secrets (API keys/tokens) at rest.
+# Generate one with: python -c "from cryptography.fernet import Fernet; print(Fernet.generate_key().decode())"
+MANAGE_ENCRYPTION_KEY=replace-with-a-fernet-key
 ```
 
 ## Remote server requirements

backend/pyproject.toml

@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ dependencies = [
   "python-multipart>=0.0.9",
   "prometheus-client>=0.21",
   "python-json-logger>=2.0",
+  "cryptography>=42.0",
 ]
 
 [project.optional-dependencies]

backend/src/media_library_viewer_api/integrations/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+"""Closed registry of service integrations."""

backend/src/media_library_viewer_api/integrations/base.py

@@ -0,0 +1,119 @@
+"""Base classes for service integrations.
+
+A *service definition* is a closed, compile-time description of an external service
+the app can talk to (Grafana, Jellyfin, …). Each definition declares:
+
+* its non-secret ``config_schema`` (derived from a Pydantic model),
+* the secret fields it accepts (API keys / tokens),
+* the widget kinds it can contribute to the dashboard (each with its own
+  Pydantic-derived config schema).
+
+Definitions live in :mod:`media_library_viewer_api.integrations` modules and are
+assembled into the closed :data:`~media_library_viewer_api.integrations.registry.SERVICE_DEFINITIONS`
+map. There is no runtime plugin loading.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from dataclasses import dataclass, field
+from typing import Any
+
+from pydantic import BaseModel
+
+
+class ServiceConfigBase(BaseModel):
+    """Base for per-service non-secret config models.
+
+    Subclass this in each integration module and declare the connection fields.
+    The JSON schema is derived via ``model_json_schema()`` and exposed to the UI.
+    """
+
+
+class WidgetConfigBase(BaseModel):
+    """Base for per-widget config models.
+
+    Subclass this for each widget kind a service provides. Widget configs never
+    hold secrets; credentials live on the parent service record.
+    """
+
+    model_config = {"extra": "forbid"}
+
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class SecretField:
+    """A secret field stored encrypted on the service record."""
+
+    key: str
+    label: str
+    required: bool = False
+    helper: str | None = None
+
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class WidgetKind:
+    """A widget kind contributed by a service definition."""
+
+    kind: str
+    name: str
+    description: str
+    config_schema: dict[str, Any]
+    default_config: dict[str, Any] = field(default_factory=dict)
+    refresh_interval_ms: int = 0
+    config_model: type[WidgetConfigBase] | None = None
+
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class ServiceDefinition:
+    """Closed description of an external service type."""
+
+    service_type: str
+    name: str
+    description: str
+    config_model: type[ServiceConfigBase]
+    secret_fields: list[SecretField]
+    widget_kinds: list[WidgetKind]
+
+    @property
+    def config_schema(self) -> dict[str, Any]:
+        """JSON schema for the service's non-secret config."""
+        return self.config_model.model_json_schema()
+
+    @property
+    def secret_keys(self) -> set[str]:
+        return {sf.key for sf in self.secret_fields}
+
+    def widget_kind(self, kind: str) -> WidgetKind | None:
+        for wk in self.widget_kinds:
+            if wk.kind == kind:
+                return wk
+        return None
+
+
+def widget_kind(
+    kind: str,
+    name: str,
+    description: str,
+    model_cls: type[WidgetConfigBase],
+    *,
+    default_config: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+    refresh_interval_ms: int = 0,
+) -> WidgetKind:
+    """Build a :class:`WidgetKind` from a Pydantic widget-config model."""
+    schema = model_cls.model_json_schema()
+    # Strip Pydantic's title noise so the exposed schema stays clean.
+    schema.pop("title", None)
+    return WidgetKind(
+        kind=kind,
+        name=name,
+        description=description,
+        config_schema=schema,
+        default_config=dict(default_config or {}),
+        refresh_interval_ms=refresh_interval_ms,
+        config_model=model_cls,
+    )
+
+
+def validate_config(model_cls: type[BaseModel], config: dict[str, Any] | None) -> dict[str, Any]:
+    """Validate a config dict against a Pydantic model and return the cleaned dict."""
+    instance = model_cls.model_validate(config or {})
+    return instance.model_dump(exclude_none=True)

backend/src/media_library_viewer_api/integrations/grafana.py

@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+"""Grafana service definition."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from media_library_viewer_api.integrations.base import (
+    SecretField,
+    ServiceConfigBase,
+    ServiceDefinition,
+    WidgetConfigBase,
+    widget_kind,
+)
+
+
+class GrafanaConfig(ServiceConfigBase):
+    """Non-secret Grafana connection config."""
+
+    base_url: str
+    timeout_seconds: int = 5
+
+
+class GrafanaLinkWidgetConfig(WidgetConfigBase):
+    """Deep-link to a Grafana dashboard or panel."""
+
+    dashboard_uid: str
+    panel_id: int | None = None
+
+
+DEFINITION = ServiceDefinition(
+    service_type="grafana",
+    name="Grafana",
+    description="Dashboards, metrics, and logs.",
+    config_model=GrafanaConfig,
+    secret_fields=[
+        SecretField(key="api_key", label="API key", helper="Service account token (optional)"),
+    ],
+    widget_kinds=[
+        widget_kind(
+            kind="link",
+            name="Dashboard link",
+            description="Deep-link to a Grafana dashboard or panel.",
+            model_cls=GrafanaLinkWidgetConfig,
+            default_config={"dashboard_uid": ""},
+            refresh_interval_ms=0,
+        ),
+    ],
+)

backend/src/media_library_viewer_api/integrations/jellyfin.py

@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+"""Jellyfin service definition."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from media_library_viewer_api.integrations.base import (
+    SecretField,
+    ServiceConfigBase,
+    ServiceDefinition,
+    WidgetConfigBase,
+    widget_kind,
+)
+
+
+class JellyfinConfig(ServiceConfigBase):
+    """Non-secret Jellyfin connection config."""
+
+    base_url: str
+    user_id: str = ""
+    timeout_seconds: int = 10
+
+
+class JellyfinActivityWidgetConfig(WidgetConfigBase):
+    """Live Jellyfin session activity."""
+
+    # No user-overridable fields; the service record carries user_id.
+    pass
+
+
+DEFINITION = ServiceDefinition(
+    service_type="jellyfin",
+    name="Jellyfin",
+    description="Media server with live session activity.",
+    config_model=JellyfinConfig,
+    secret_fields=[
+        SecretField(key="api_key", label="API key", required=True),
+    ],
+    widget_kinds=[
+        widget_kind(
+            kind="activity",
+            name="Activity",
+            description="Live sessions and idle users.",
+            model_cls=JellyfinActivityWidgetConfig,
+            default_config={},
+            refresh_interval_ms=30_000,
+        ),
+    ],
+)

backend/src/media_library_viewer_api/integrations/nextcloud.py

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+"""Nextcloud service definition.
+
+Nextcloud is included as a proof-of-concept third-party service. It has no
+dashboard widgets yet; its service page holds connection config only.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from media_library_viewer_api.integrations.base import (
+    SecretField,
+    ServiceConfigBase,
+    ServiceDefinition,
+)
+
+
+class NextcloudConfig(ServiceConfigBase):
+    """Non-secret Nextcloud connection config."""
+
+    base_url: str
+    username: str = ""
+
+
+DEFINITION = ServiceDefinition(
+    service_type="nextcloud",
+    name="Nextcloud",
+    description="Self-hosted files and collaboration.",
+    config_model=NextcloudConfig,
+    secret_fields=[
+        SecretField(key="app_password", label="App password", required=True),
+    ],
+    widget_kinds=[],
+)

backend/src/media_library_viewer_api/integrations/prometheus.py

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+"""Prometheus service definition."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from media_library_viewer_api.integrations.base import (
+    SecretField,
+    ServiceConfigBase,
+    ServiceDefinition,
+    WidgetConfigBase,
+    widget_kind,
+)
+
+
+class PrometheusConfig(ServiceConfigBase):
+    """Non-secret Prometheus connection config."""
+
+    base_url: str
+    timeout_seconds: int = 10
+
+
+class PrometheusMetricWidgetConfig(WidgetConfigBase):
+    """A PromQL instant query rendered as a metric."""
+
+    promql: str
+
+
+DEFINITION = ServiceDefinition(
+    service_type="prometheus",
+    name="Prometheus",
+    description="Metrics storage and PromQL queries.",
+    config_model=PrometheusConfig,
+    secret_fields=[
+        SecretField(key="api_key", label="API key", helper="Optional bearer token"),
+    ],
+    widget_kinds=[
+        widget_kind(
+            kind="metric",
+            name="Metric",
+            description="Instant query result rendered as a metric.",
+            model_cls=PrometheusMetricWidgetConfig,
+            default_config={"promql": ""},
+            refresh_interval_ms=30_000,
+        ),
+    ],
+)

backend/src/media_library_viewer_api/integrations/registry.py

@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+"""Closed registry of service definitions.
+
+Adding a brand-new service still requires a backend deploy and a module here.
+There is no runtime plugin loading.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from media_library_viewer_api.integrations.base import ServiceDefinition, WidgetKind
+from media_library_viewer_api.integrations.grafana import DEFINITION as GRAFANA
+from media_library_viewer_api.integrations.jellyfin import DEFINITION as JELLYFIN
+from media_library_viewer_api.integrations.nextcloud import DEFINITION as NEXTCLOUD
+from media_library_viewer_api.integrations.prometheus import DEFINITION as PROMETHEUS
+from media_library_viewer_api.integrations.ssh_tasks import DEFINITION as SSH_TASKS
+
+SERVICE_DEFINITIONS: dict[str, ServiceDefinition] = {
+    GRAFANA.service_type: GRAFANA,
+    PROMETHEUS.service_type: PROMETHEUS,
+    JELLYFIN.service_type: JELLYFIN,
+    NEXTCLOUD.service_type: NEXTCLOUD,
+    SSH_TASKS.service_type: SSH_TASKS,
+}
+
+
+def list_service_types() -> list[str]:
+    """Return all registered service type names (sorted for stable output)."""
+    return sorted(SERVICE_DEFINITIONS)
+
+
+def get_service_definition(service_type: str) -> ServiceDefinition | None:
+    """Return the definition for a service type, or ``None`` if unknown."""
+    return SERVICE_DEFINITIONS.get(service_type)
+
+
+def get_widget_kind(service_type: str, widget_kind: str) -> WidgetKind | None:
+    """Return a widget kind declared by a service definition, or ``None``."""
+    definition = get_service_definition(service_type)
+    if definition is None:
+        return None
+    return definition.widget_kind(widget_kind)
+
+
+def require_service_definition(service_type: str) -> ServiceDefinition:
+    """Return the definition or raise ``ValueError`` for an unknown type."""
+    definition = get_service_definition(service_type)
+    if definition is None:
+        raise ValueError(f"Unknown service type: {service_type}")
+    return definition

backend/src/media_library_viewer_api/integrations/ssh_tasks.py

@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+"""SSH task runner service definition.
+
+An ``ssh_tasks`` instance is an SSH endpoint that can run reusable saved tasks.
+Tasks themselves stay in the global saved-task registry; the instance only owns
+transport (host/port/user/key). Every run is recorded in ``service_task_runs``
+and shown as history on the instance's service page.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from media_library_viewer_api.integrations.base import (
+    SecretField,
+    ServiceConfigBase,
+    ServiceDefinition,
+    WidgetConfigBase,
+    widget_kind,
+)
+
+
+class SshTasksConfig(ServiceConfigBase):
+    """Non-secret SSH task runner config.
+
+    The SSH key itself lives in the saved SSH-key registry and is referenced by
+    ``ssh_key_id``. An optional ``passphrase`` is stored as a secret.
+    """
+
+    host: str
+    port: int = 22
+    username: str = ""
+    ssh_key_id: str = ""
+    timeout_seconds: int = 30
+
+
+class SshTaskOutputWidgetConfig(WidgetConfigBase):
+    """Output of a saved task run on this instance."""
+
+    task_id: str
+    # service_id is implicit (the widget's service); allow overriding per-widget.
+    service_id: str | None = None
+
+
+DEFINITION = ServiceDefinition(
+    service_type="ssh_tasks",
+    name="SSH task runner",
+    description="Run reusable saved tasks over SSH and keep run history.",
+    config_model=SshTasksConfig,
+    secret_fields=[
+        SecretField(key="passphrase", label="Key passphrase", helper="Optional"),
+    ],
+    widget_kinds=[
+        widget_kind(
+            kind="task_output",
+            name="Task output",
+            description="Output of a saved task run.",
+            model_cls=SshTaskOutputWidgetConfig,
+            default_config={"task_id": ""},
+            refresh_interval_ms=0,
+        ),
+    ],
+)

backend/src/media_library_viewer_api/main.py

@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ from media_library_viewer_api.observability import (
 )
 from media_library_viewer_api.routers import backups as backups_router
 from media_library_viewer_api.routers import dashboard, files, jobs, media, monitoring, tasks, users
+from media_library_viewer_api.routers import services as services_router
 from media_library_viewer_api.routers import widgets as widgets_router
 from media_library_viewer_api.routers.settings import router as settings_router
 
@@ -38,6 +39,9 @@ async def lifespan(app: FastAPI):
     settings = get_settings()
     configure_logging(settings.log_level, settings.log_format)
     validate_auth_settings(settings)
+    from media_library_viewer_api.services.secrets import validate_encryption_key
+
+    validate_encryption_key()
     logger.info("Backend startup complete: %s", describe_settings(settings))
     logger.info("Managed known_hosts will be populated lazily on first successful SSH connection")
     try:
@@ -143,6 +147,7 @@ app.include_router(tasks.router)
 app.include_router(settings_router)
 app.include_router(backups_router.router)
 app.include_router(widgets_router.router)
+app.include_router(services_router.router)
 
 
 @app.get("/api/health")

backend/src/media_library_viewer_api/models/services.py

@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+"""Pydantic models for the service registry API."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from typing import Any
+
+from pydantic import BaseModel, Field, field_validator
+
+
+def _validate_config_keys(config: dict[str, Any]) -> dict[str, Any]:
+    """Reject credential keys in non-secret service config.
+
+    Secrets are sent in the separate ``secrets`` mapping; the plain ``config``
+    object must never hold them.
+    """
+    forbidden = {
+        "password",
+        "token",
+        "secret",
+        "api_key",
+        "apikey",
+        "private_key",
+        "passphrase",
+        "credential",
+    }
+
+    def _check(value: Any) -> None:
+        if isinstance(value, dict):
+            for key, child in value.items():
+                if key.lower() in forbidden:
+                    raise ValueError(f"Credential key '{key}' is not allowed in service config")
+                _check(child)
+        elif isinstance(value, list):
+            for item in value:
+                _check(item)
+
+    _check(config)
+    return config
+
+
+class ServiceInstanceInput(BaseModel):
+    """Payload for creating or updating a service instance."""
+
+    id: str | None = None
+    service_type: str = Field(..., min_length=1)
+    name: str = Field(..., min_length=1)
+    config: dict[str, Any] = Field(default_factory=dict)
+    secrets: dict[str, str] = Field(default_factory=dict)
+    enabled: bool = True
+
+    @field_validator("config")
+    @classmethod
+    def reject_credential_keys(cls, value: dict[str, Any]) -> dict[str, Any]:
+        return _validate_config_keys(value or {})
+
+
+class ServiceInstance(BaseModel):
+    """Persisted service instance returned by the API (no plaintext secrets)."""
+
+    id: str
+    service_type: str
+    name: str
+    config: dict[str, Any]
+    secrets_set: dict[str, bool]
+    enabled: bool
+    created_at: int
+    updated_at: int
+
+
+class SecretFieldInfo(BaseModel):
+    key: str
+    label: str
+    required: bool = False
+    helper: str | None = None
+
+
+class WidgetKindInfo(BaseModel):
+    kind: str
+    name: str
+    description: str
+    config_schema: dict[str, Any]
+    default_config: dict[str, Any]
+    refresh_interval_ms: int
+
+
+class ServiceTypeInfo(BaseModel):
+    """Metadata about a registered service type."""
+
+    service_type: str
+    name: str
+    description: str
+    config_schema: dict[str, Any]
+    secret_fields: list[SecretFieldInfo]
+    widget_kinds: list[WidgetKindInfo]

backend/src/media_library_viewer_api/models/widgets.py

@@ -1,8 +1,18 @@
-"""Pydantic models for the dashboard widget system."""
+"""Pydantic models for the dashboard widget system.
+
+Widgets are either:
+* **service-bound** — reference a ``service_id`` and a ``widget_kind`` declared
+  by that service's definition (Grafana link, Prometheus metric, Jellyfin
+  activity, SSH task output); or
+* **built-in** — ``service_id`` is null and ``widget_kind`` is one of the
+  service-less kinds (backups, static).
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
 
 from typing import Any
 
-from pydantic import BaseModel, Field, field_validator
+from pydantic import BaseModel, Field, field_validator, model_validator
 
 FORBIDDEN_CONFIG_KEYS = {
     "password",
@@ -47,8 +57,8 @@ def _validate_config_keys(config: dict[str, Any]) -> dict[str, Any]:
 class _WidgetInstanceBase(BaseModel):
     """Shared fields between input and output widget models."""
 
-    addon_id: str
+    service_id: str | None = None
-    widget_type: str
+    widget_kind: str = Field(..., min_length=1)
     title: str = Field(..., min_length=1)
     config: dict[str, Any] = Field(default_factory=dict)
     enabled: bool = True
@@ -59,6 +69,13 @@ class _WidgetInstanceBase(BaseModel):
     def reject_credential_keys(cls, value: dict[str, Any]) -> dict[str, Any]:
         return _validate_config_keys(value or {})
 
+    @model_validator(mode="after")
+    def _validate_kind(self) -> "_WidgetInstanceBase":
+        # The kind must be non-empty (Field enforces it); service_id may be None
+        # for built-ins. Deeper validation happens in the router against the
+        # service definition / built-in registry.
+        return self
+
 
 class WidgetInstanceInput(_WidgetInstanceBase):
     """Payload for creating or updating a widget instance."""
@@ -74,22 +91,21 @@ class WidgetInstance(_WidgetInstanceBase):
     updated_at: int
 
 
-class WidgetTypeInfo(BaseModel):
+class BuiltinWidgetKindInfo(BaseModel):
-    """Metadata about a built-in widget type."""
+    """Metadata about a built-in (service-less) widget kind."""
 
-    addon_id: str
+    kind: str
-    widget_type: str
     name: str
     description: str
-    source_type: str
     config_schema: dict[str, Any]
+    default_config: dict[str, Any]
+    refresh_interval_ms: int
 
 
 class WidgetDataResponse(BaseModel):
     """Response from the per-widget data endpoint."""
 
     widget_id: str
-    widget_type: str
     data: dict[str, Any] | None = None
     error: str | None = None
     fetched_at: int

backend/src/media_library_viewer_api/routers/services.py

@@ -0,0 +1,182 @@
+"""REST API for the service registry.
+
+Service instances hold non-secret config and encrypted secrets. Plaintext
+secrets are never returned; only the boolean ``secrets_set`` map is exposed.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import logging
+from typing import Any
+
+from fastapi import APIRouter, Depends, HTTPException, status
+
+from media_library_viewer_api.dependencies import get_settings_store
+from media_library_viewer_api.integrations.base import validate_config
+from media_library_viewer_api.integrations.registry import (
+    SERVICE_DEFINITIONS,
+    get_service_definition,
+    require_service_definition,
+)
+from media_library_viewer_api.models.services import (
+    SecretFieldInfo,
+    ServiceInstance,
+    ServiceInstanceInput,
+    ServiceTypeInfo,
+    WidgetKindInfo,
+)
+from media_library_viewer_api.services.settings_store import SettingsStore
+
+router = APIRouter(prefix="/api/services", tags=["services"])
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+def _to_type_info(service_type: str) -> ServiceTypeInfo:
+    definition = require_service_definition(service_type)
+    return ServiceTypeInfo(
+        service_type=definition.service_type,
+        name=definition.name,
+        description=definition.description,
+        config_schema=definition.config_schema,
+        secret_fields=[
+            SecretFieldInfo(
+                key=sf.key,
+                label=sf.label,
+                required=sf.required,
+                helper=sf.helper,
+            )
+            for sf in definition.secret_fields
+        ],
+        widget_kinds=[
+            WidgetKindInfo(
+                kind=wk.kind,
+                name=wk.name,
+                description=wk.description,
+                config_schema=wk.config_schema,
+                default_config=wk.default_config,
+                refresh_interval_ms=wk.refresh_interval_ms,
+            )
+            for wk in definition.widget_kinds
+        ],
+    )
+
+
+def _to_instance(row: dict[str, Any]) -> ServiceInstance:
+    """Build an API response model, surfacing only secret 'set' flags."""
+    definition = get_service_definition(row["service_type"])
+    known_secrets = definition.secret_keys if definition else set()
+    secrets_blob = row.get("secrets") or {}
+    secrets_set = {key: (key in secrets_blob and bool(secrets_blob[key])) for key in known_secrets}
+    return ServiceInstance(
+        id=row["id"],
+        service_type=row["service_type"],
+        name=row["name"],
+        config=row.get("config") or {},
+        secrets_set=secrets_set,
+        enabled=row["enabled"],
+        created_at=row["created_at"],
+        updated_at=row["updated_at"],
+    )
+
+
+def _validate_input(body: ServiceInstanceInput) -> None:
+    """Validate service_type, config, and secret keys against the definition."""
+    definition = get_service_definition(body.service_type)
+    if definition is None:
+        raise HTTPException(
+            status_code=status.HTTP_422_UNPROCESSABLE_CONTENT,
+            detail=f"Unknown service type: {body.service_type}",
+        )
+    try:
+        validate_config(definition.config_model, body.config)
+    except Exception as exc:
+        raise HTTPException(
+            status_code=status.HTTP_422_UNPROCESSABLE_CONTENT,
+            detail=f"Invalid service config: {exc}",
+        ) from exc
+    unknown_secrets = set(body.secrets) - definition.secret_keys
+    if unknown_secrets:
+        raise HTTPException(
+            status_code=status.HTTP_422_UNPROCESSABLE_CONTENT,
+            detail=f"Unknown secret fields for {body.service_type}: {sorted(unknown_secrets)}",
+        )
+
+
+@router.get("/types")
+def list_types() -> list[ServiceTypeInfo]:
+    """Return metadata for every registered service type."""
+    return [_to_type_info(service_type) for service_type in sorted(SERVICE_DEFINITIONS)]
+
+
+@router.get("/instances")
+def list_instances(
+    service_type: str | None = None,
+    store: SettingsStore = Depends(get_settings_store),
+) -> list[ServiceInstance]:
+    """Return all persisted service instances (no plaintext secrets)."""
+    rows = store.list_services(service_type)
+    return [_to_instance(row) for row in rows]
+
+
+@router.post("/instances", status_code=status.HTTP_201_CREATED)
+def create_instance(
+    body: ServiceInstanceInput,
+    store: SettingsStore = Depends(get_settings_store),
+) -> ServiceInstance:
+    """Create a new service instance."""
+    _validate_input(body)
+    row = store.upsert_service(
+        {
+            "id": body.id,
+            "service_type": body.service_type,
+            "name": body.name,
+            "config": body.config,
+            "enabled": body.enabled,
+        },
+        secret_values=body.secrets,
+    )
+    return _to_instance(row)
+
+
+@router.put("/instances/{service_id}")
+def update_instance(
+    service_id: str,
+    body: ServiceInstanceInput,
+    store: SettingsStore = Depends(get_settings_store),
+) -> ServiceInstance:
+    """Update an existing service instance."""
+    existing = store.get_service(service_id)
+    if not existing:
+        raise HTTPException(status_code=status.HTTP_404_NOT_FOUND, detail="Service not found")
+    if body.id is not None and body.id != service_id:
+        raise HTTPException(
+            status_code=status.HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST,
+            detail="ID in path does not match ID in body",
+        )
+    _validate_input(body)
+    row = store.upsert_service(
+        {
+            "id": service_id,
+            "service_type": body.service_type,
+            "name": body.name,
+            "config": body.config,
+            "enabled": body.enabled,
+        },
+        secret_values=body.secrets,
+        service_id=service_id,
+    )
+    return _to_instance(row)
+
+
+@router.delete("/instances/{service_id}")
+def delete_instance(
+    service_id: str,
+    store: SettingsStore = Depends(get_settings_store),
+) -> dict[str, str]:
+    """Delete a service instance (cascade-deletes widgets referencing it)."""
+    existing = store.get_service(service_id)
+    if not existing:
+        raise HTTPException(status_code=status.HTTP_404_NOT_FOUND, detail="Service not found")
+    store.delete_service(service_id)
+    return {"status": "deleted"}

backend/src/media_library_viewer_api/routers/widgets.py

@@ -1,4 +1,11 @@
-"""REST API for dashboard widget instances and registry metadata."""
+"""REST API for dashboard widget instances.
+
+Widgets are either service-bound (``service_id`` + ``widget_kind`` from the
+service definition) or built-in (``service_id`` is null; ``widget_kind`` is one
+of the service-less kinds exposed by ``GET /api/widgets/builtin``).
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
 
 import logging
 import time
@@ -7,68 +14,91 @@ from typing import Any
 from fastapi import APIRouter, Depends, HTTPException, status
 
 from media_library_viewer_api.dependencies import get_settings_store
+from media_library_viewer_api.integrations.base import validate_config
+from media_library_viewer_api.integrations.registry import get_service_definition
 from media_library_viewer_api.models.widgets import (
+    BuiltinWidgetKindInfo,
     WidgetDataResponse,
     WidgetInstance,
     WidgetInstanceInput,
 )
 from media_library_viewer_api.services.settings_store import SettingsStore
-from media_library_viewer_api.widgets.registry import (
+from media_library_viewer_api.widgets.builtin import (
-    get_widget_info,
+    BUILTIN_WIDGET_KINDS,
-    list_source_types,
+    is_builtin_kind,
-    list_widget_types,
+    validate_builtin_config,
-    validate_config,
+)
+from media_library_viewer_api.widgets.sources import (
+    build_service_record,
+    get_builtin_adapter,
+    get_service_adapter,
 )
-from media_library_viewer_api.widgets.sources import get_source_adapter
 
 router = APIRouter(prefix="/api/widgets", tags=["widgets"])
 
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 
-def _registry_for_type(widget_type: str) -> dict[str, Any]:
+def _validate_widget_input(body: WidgetInstanceInput, store: SettingsStore) -> None:
-    from media_library_viewer_api.widgets.registry import WIDGET_REGISTRY
+    """Validate widget_kind + config against the service definition or built-ins."""
+    if body.service_id:
+        service = store.get_service(body.service_id)
+        if not service:
+            raise HTTPException(
+                status_code=status.HTTP_422_UNPROCESSABLE_CONTENT,
+                detail=f"Service {body.service_id} not found",
+            )
+        definition = get_service_definition(service["service_type"])
+        if definition is None:
+            raise HTTPException(
+                status_code=status.HTTP_422_UNPROCESSABLE_CONTENT,
+                detail=f"Unknown service type: {service['service_type']}",
+            )
+        widget_kind = definition.widget_kind(body.widget_kind)
+        if widget_kind is None:
+            raise HTTPException(
+                status_code=status.HTTP_422_UNPROCESSABLE_CONTENT,
+                detail=(f"Service type '{service['service_type']}' does not provide widget kind '{body.widget_kind}'"),
+            )
+        if widget_kind.config_model is not None:
+            try:
+                validate_config(widget_kind.config_model, body.config)
+            except Exception as exc:
+                raise HTTPException(
+                    status_code=status.HTTP_422_UNPROCESSABLE_CONTENT,
+                    detail=f"Invalid widget config: {exc}",
+                ) from exc
+    else:
+        if not is_builtin_kind(body.widget_kind):
+            raise HTTPException(
+                status_code=status.HTTP_422_UNPROCESSABLE_CONTENT,
+                detail=(
+                    f"Unknown built-in widget kind '{body.widget_kind}' (set service_id for service-bound widgets)"
+                ),
+            )
+        try:
+            validate_builtin_config(body.widget_kind, body.config)
+        except Exception as exc:
+            raise HTTPException(
+                status_code=status.HTTP_422_UNPROCESSABLE_CONTENT,
+                detail=f"Invalid widget config: {exc}",
+            ) from exc
 
-    info = WIDGET_REGISTRY.get(widget_type)
+
-    if not info:
+@router.get("/builtin")
-        raise HTTPException(
+def list_builtin_kinds() -> list[BuiltinWidgetKindInfo]:
-            status_code=status.HTTP_422_UNPROCESSABLE_CONTENT,
+    """Return metadata for service-less built-in widget kinds."""
-            detail=f"Unknown widget type: {widget_type}",
+    return [
+        BuiltinWidgetKindInfo(
+            kind=wk.kind,
+            name=wk.name,
+            description=wk.description,
+            config_schema=wk.config_schema,
+            default_config=wk.default_config,
+            refresh_interval_ms=wk.refresh_interval_ms,
         )
-    return info
+        for wk in BUILTIN_WIDGET_KINDS.values()
-
+    ]
-
-def _validate_widget_input(body: WidgetInstanceInput) -> None:
-    """Validate widget_type/addon_id match and config schema."""
-    info = _registry_for_type(body.widget_type)
-    expected_addon = info["addon_id"]
-    if body.addon_id != expected_addon:
-        raise HTTPException(
-            status_code=status.HTTP_422_UNPROCESSABLE_CONTENT,
-            detail=(
-                f"Widget type '{body.widget_type}' belongs to addon "
-                f"'{expected_addon}', not '{body.addon_id}'"
-            ),
-        )
-    try:
-        validate_config(body.widget_type, body.config)
-    except ValueError as exc:
-        raise HTTPException(
-            status_code=status.HTTP_422_UNPROCESSABLE_CONTENT,
-            detail=str(exc),
-        ) from exc
-
-
-@router.get("/sources")
-def list_sources() -> list[str]:
-    """Return all registered widget source types."""
-    return list_source_types()
-
-
-@router.get("/types")
-def list_types() -> list[dict[str, Any]]:
-    """Return metadata for all registered widget types."""
-    return [info.model_dump() for info in list_widget_types()]
 
 
 @router.get("/instances")
@@ -85,7 +115,7 @@ def create_instance(
     store: SettingsStore = Depends(get_settings_store),
 ) -> dict[str, Any]:
     """Create a new widget instance."""
-    _validate_widget_input(body)
+    _validate_widget_input(body, store)
     widget = store.upsert_widget(body.model_dump())
     return WidgetInstance(**widget).model_dump()
 
@@ -105,7 +135,7 @@ def update_instance(
             status_code=status.HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST,
             detail="ID in path does not match ID in body",
         )
-    _validate_widget_input(body)
+    _validate_widget_input(body, store)
     widget = store.upsert_widget(body.model_dump(), widget_id)
     return WidgetInstance(**widget).model_dump()
 
@@ -133,31 +163,44 @@ async def fetch_data(
     if not widget:
         raise HTTPException(status_code=status.HTTP_404_NOT_FOUND, detail="Widget not found")
 
-    widget_type = widget["widget_type"]
+    service_id = widget.get("service_id")
-    info = get_widget_info(widget_type)
+    widget_kind = widget.get("widget_kind") or ""
-    if info is None:
-        return WidgetDataResponse(
-            widget_id=widget_id,
-            widget_type=widget_type,
-            data=None,
-            error=f"Unknown widget type: {widget_type}",
-            fetched_at=int(time.time()),
-        ).model_dump()
 
-    adapter = get_source_adapter(info.source_type)
+    service: Any = None
-    if adapter is None:
+    if service_id:
-        # Defensive: registry should prevent this, but return a safe error.
+        service_row = store.get_service(service_id)
-        return WidgetDataResponse(
+        if not service_row:
-            widget_id=widget_id,
+            return WidgetDataResponse(
-            widget_type=widget_type,
+                widget_id=widget_id,
-            data=None,
+                error=f"Service {service_id} not found",
-            error=f"No adapter registered for source type: {info.source_type}",
+                fetched_at=int(time.time()),
-            fetched_at=int(time.time()),
+            ).model_dump()
-        ).model_dump()
+        if not service_row.get("enabled", True):
+            return WidgetDataResponse(
+                widget_id=widget_id,
+                error="Service is disabled",
+                fetched_at=int(time.time()),
+            ).model_dump()
+        adapter = get_service_adapter(service_row["service_type"])
+        if adapter is None:
+            return WidgetDataResponse(
+                widget_id=widget_id,
+                error=f"No adapter for service type {service_row['service_type']}",
+                fetched_at=int(time.time()),
+            ).model_dump()
+        service = build_service_record(store, service_row)
+    else:
+        adapter = get_builtin_adapter(widget_kind)
+        if adapter is None:
+            return WidgetDataResponse(
+                widget_id=widget_id,
+                error=f"Unknown built-in widget kind: {widget_kind}",
+                fetched_at=int(time.time()),
+            ).model_dump()
 
     try:
-        data = await adapter.fetch(widget["config"])
+        data = await adapter.fetch(service, widget_kind, widget.get("config") or {})
-    except Exception as exc:
+    except Exception as exc:  # pragma: no cover - defensive
         logger.exception("Unhandled adapter exception widget_id=%s", widget_id)
         raise HTTPException(
             status_code=status.HTTP_500_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR,
@@ -166,7 +209,6 @@ async def fetch_data(
 
     return WidgetDataResponse(
         widget_id=widget_id,
-        widget_type=widget_type,
         data=data if "error" not in data else None,
         error=data.get("error"),
         fetched_at=int(time.time()),

backend/src/media_library_viewer_api/services/secrets.py

@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+"""Encryption-at-rest for service secrets.
+
+Service API keys / tokens are stored encrypted in the ``services.secrets_json``
+column. Encryption uses Fernet (symmetric authenticated encryption) with a single
+master key provided via the ``MANAGE_ENCRYPTION_KEY`` environment variable.
+
+* The key **must** be a urlsafe base64-encoded 32-byte value (Fernet format).
+* The key is **always required** — there is no development fallback, so secrets
+  are never accidentally stored in plaintext.
+* Secrets are encrypted field-by-field; the ``"which secrets are set"`` metadata
+  can be derived from the ciphertext blob without decrypting.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import os
+from functools import lru_cache
+
+from cryptography.fernet import Fernet, InvalidToken
+
+ENCRYPTION_KEY_ENV = "MANAGE_ENCRYPTION_KEY"
+
+
+class EncryptionKeyError(RuntimeError):
+    """Raised when the encryption key is missing or invalid."""
+
+
+@lru_cache(maxsize=1)
+def get_encryption_key() -> bytes:
+    """Return the raw Fernet key, or raise if missing/invalid.
+
+    The result is cached for the process lifetime. Tests should call
+    :func:`reset_encryption_key_cache` after changing the environment.
+    """
+    raw = os.environ.get(ENCRYPTION_KEY_ENV)
+    if not raw:
+        raise EncryptionKeyError(f"{ENCRYPTION_KEY_ENV} is required to store service secrets")
+    key = raw.strip().encode()
+    try:
+        Fernet(key)
+    except (ValueError, TypeError) as exc:  # pragma: no cover - validated by tests
+        raise EncryptionKeyError(f"{ENCRYPTION_KEY_ENV} must be a valid Fernet key") from exc
+    return key
+
+
+def reset_encryption_key_cache() -> None:
+    """Drop the cached encryption key (used by tests that swap keys)."""
+    get_encryption_key.cache_clear()
+
+
+def _fernet() -> Fernet:
+    return Fernet(get_encryption_key())
+
+
+def encrypt_value(plaintext: str) -> str:
+    """Encrypt a single secret value and return the ciphertext string."""
+    return _fernet().encrypt(plaintext.encode()).decode()
+
+
+def decrypt_value(ciphertext: str) -> str:
+    """Decrypt a single ciphertext value."""
+    try:
+        return _fernet().decrypt(ciphertext.encode()).decode()
+    except InvalidToken as exc:
+        raise EncryptionKeyError("Service secret could not be decrypted") from exc
+
+
+def encrypt_secrets(values: dict[str, str]) -> dict[str, str]:
+    """Encrypt every provided secret value."""
+    fernet = _fernet()
+    return {key: fernet.encrypt(value.encode()).decode() for key, value in values.items()}
+
+
+def decrypt_secrets(blob: dict[str, str]) -> dict[str, str]:
+    """Decrypt every secret value in a blob."""
+    fernet = _fernet()
+    result: dict[str, str] = {}
+    for key, ciphertext in blob.items():
+        try:
+            result[key] = fernet.decrypt(ciphertext.encode()).decode()
+        except InvalidToken as exc:
+            raise EncryptionKeyError(f"Service secret '{key}' could not be decrypted") from exc
+    return result
+
+
+def generate_development_key() -> str:
+    """Return a freshly generated Fernet key (helper for operators/docs)."""
+    return Fernet.generate_key().decode()
+
+
+def validate_encryption_key() -> None:
+    """Eagerly validate that the encryption key is present and well-formed."""
+    get_encryption_key()  # raises EncryptionKeyError on failure

backend/src/media_library_viewer_api/services/settings_store.py

@@ -179,9 +179,12 @@ class SettingsStore:
                 )
                 """
             )
-            conn.execute(
+            conn.execute("CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_dashboard_widgets_sort ON dashboard_widgets(sort_order)")
-                "CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_dashboard_widgets_sort ON dashboard_widgets(sort_order)"
+            widget_cols = {row[1] for row in conn.execute("PRAGMA table_info(dashboard_widgets)").fetchall()}
-            )
+            if "service_id" not in widget_cols:
+                conn.execute("ALTER TABLE dashboard_widgets ADD COLUMN service_id TEXT")
+            if "widget_kind" not in widget_cols:
+                conn.execute("ALTER TABLE dashboard_widgets ADD COLUMN widget_kind TEXT")
             conn.execute("""
                 CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS backup_jobs (
                     id TEXT PRIMARY KEY,
@@ -226,6 +229,44 @@ class SettingsStore:
             """)
             conn.execute("CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_backup_alerts_job_id ON backup_alerts(job_id)")
             conn.execute("CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_backup_alerts_acknowledged ON backup_alerts(acknowledged)")
+            conn.execute(
+                """
+                CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS services (
+                    id TEXT PRIMARY KEY,
+                    service_type TEXT NOT NULL,
+                    name TEXT NOT NULL,
+                    config_json TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT '{}',
+                    secrets_json TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT '{}',
+                    enabled INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 1,
+                    created_at INTEGER NOT NULL,
+                    updated_at INTEGER NOT NULL
+                )
+                """
+            )
+            conn.execute("CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_services_type ON services(service_type)")
+            conn.execute(
+                """
+                CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS service_task_runs (
+                    id TEXT PRIMARY KEY,
+                    task_id TEXT NOT NULL,
+                    service_id TEXT NOT NULL,
+                    status TEXT NOT NULL,
+                    exit_status INTEGER,
+                    duration_ms INTEGER,
+                    stdout_tail TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+                    stderr_tail TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+                    error TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+                    created_at INTEGER NOT NULL
+                )
+                """
+            )
+            conn.execute(
+                "CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_service_task_runs_service "
+                "ON service_task_runs(service_id, created_at DESC)"
+            )
+            conn.execute(
+                "CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_service_task_runs_task ON service_task_runs(task_id, created_at DESC)"
+            )
 
     @staticmethod
     def _normalize_services(value: Any, fallback: list[str] | None = None) -> list[str]:
@@ -417,39 +458,13 @@ class SettingsStore:
             )
 
     def _seed_dashboard_widgets(self) -> None:
-        """Seed default dashboard widgets only when the table is empty."""
+        """Default widget seeding was removed.
-        from media_library_viewer_api.widgets.registry import WIDGET_REGISTRY
 
-        self.init_schema()
+        Widgets are now service-bound (or built-in). A fresh install starts with
-        with self.connect() as conn:
+        no widgets; the user configures services and adds widgets from the UI.
-            row = conn.execute("SELECT COUNT(*) FROM dashboard_widgets").fetchone()
+        Kept as a no-op so :meth:`ensure_defaults` callers are unchanged.
-            if row and int(row[0]) > 0:
+        """
-                return
+        return None
-        defaults = [
-            {
-                "id": "jellyfin-activity-default",
-                "addon_id": "core",
-                "widget_type": "jellyfin",
-                "title": "Jellyfin activity",
-                "config": {"machine_id": ""},
-                "enabled": True,
-                "sort_order": 0,
-            },
-            {
-                "id": "backups-summary-default",
-                "addon_id": "backups",
-                "widget_type": "backups",
-                "title": "Backups",
-                "config": {},
-                "enabled": True,
-                "sort_order": 1,
-            },
-        ]
-        for widget in defaults:
-            info = WIDGET_REGISTRY.get(widget["widget_type"])
-            if not info or info["addon_id"] != widget["addon_id"]:
-                continue
-            self.upsert_widget(widget)
 
     def ensure_defaults(self) -> None:
         self.init_schema()
@@ -457,7 +472,6 @@ class SettingsStore:
             row = conn.execute("SELECT COUNT(*) FROM monitoring_machines").fetchone()
             if not row or int(row[0]) == 0:
                 self._seed_local_machine()
-        self._seed_dashboard_widgets()
 
     def list_machines(self) -> list[dict[str, Any]]:
         self.init_schema()
@@ -1363,16 +1377,18 @@ class SettingsStore:
                 (key, value, now),
             )
 
-
     # ------------------------------------------------------------------
     # Dashboard widgets
     # ------------------------------------------------------------------
 
     def _row_to_widget(self, row: sqlite3.Row) -> dict[str, Any]:
+        keys = row.keys()
         return {
             "id": row["id"],
             "addon_id": row["addon_id"],
             "widget_type": row["widget_type"],
+            "service_id": row["service_id"] if "service_id" in keys else None,
+            "widget_kind": row["widget_kind"] if "widget_kind" in keys else None,
             "title": row["title"],
             "config": json.loads(row["config_json"] or "{}"),
             "enabled": bool(row["enabled"]),
@@ -1387,14 +1403,9 @@ class SettingsStore:
         widget_id: str | None = None,
     ) -> dict[str, Any]:
         current = self.get_widget(widget_id) if widget_id else None
-        widget_id = (
+        widget_id = str(payload.get("id") or widget_id or uuid.uuid4().hex[:12]).strip() or uuid.uuid4().hex[:12]
-            str(payload.get("id") or widget_id or uuid.uuid4().hex[:12]).strip()
+        service_id = str(payload.get("service_id") or (current or {}).get("service_id") or "").strip() or None
-            or uuid.uuid4().hex[:12]
+        widget_kind = str(payload.get("widget_kind") or (current or {}).get("widget_kind", "")).strip()
-        )
-        addon_id = str(payload.get("addon_id") or (current or {}).get("addon_id", "")).strip()
-        widget_type = str(
-            payload.get("widget_type") or (current or {}).get("widget_type", "")
-        ).strip()
         title = str(payload.get("title") or (current or {}).get("title", "") or "").strip()
         config = payload.get("config", (current or {}).get("config", {}))
         if not isinstance(config, dict):
@@ -1403,10 +1414,14 @@ class SettingsStore:
         _validate_config_keys(config)
         enabled = bool(payload.get("enabled", (current or {}).get("enabled", True)))
         sort_order = int(payload.get("sort_order", (current or {}).get("sort_order", 0)) or 0)
+        # Legacy label kept for diagnostics; new code uses service_id + widget_kind.
+        widget_type = f"{service_id}:{widget_kind}" if widget_kind else ""
         return {
             "id": widget_id,
-            "addon_id": addon_id,
+            "addon_id": "",
             "widget_type": widget_type,
+            "service_id": service_id,
+            "widget_kind": widget_kind,
             "title": title,
             "config": config,
             "enabled": enabled,
@@ -1416,9 +1431,7 @@ class SettingsStore:
     def list_widgets(self) -> list[dict[str, Any]]:
         self.init_schema()
         with self.connect() as conn:
-            rows = conn.execute(
+            rows = conn.execute("SELECT * FROM dashboard_widgets ORDER BY sort_order ASC, created_at ASC").fetchall()
-                "SELECT * FROM dashboard_widgets ORDER BY sort_order ASC, created_at ASC"
-            ).fetchall()
         return [self._row_to_widget(row) for row in rows]
 
     def get_widget(self, widget_id: str | None) -> dict[str, Any] | None:
@@ -1426,9 +1439,7 @@ class SettingsStore:
             return None
         self.init_schema()
         with self.connect() as conn:
-            row = conn.execute(
+            row = conn.execute("SELECT * FROM dashboard_widgets WHERE id = ?", (widget_id,)).fetchone()
-                "SELECT * FROM dashboard_widgets WHERE id = ?", (widget_id,)
-            ).fetchone()
         return self._row_to_widget(row) if row else None
 
     def upsert_widget(self, payload: dict[str, Any], widget_id: str | None = None) -> dict[str, Any]:
@@ -1444,13 +1455,15 @@ class SettingsStore:
             conn.execute(
                 """
                 INSERT INTO dashboard_widgets (
-                    id, addon_id, widget_type, title, config_json, enabled,
+                    id, addon_id, widget_type, service_id, widget_kind, title,
-                    sort_order, created_at, updated_at
+                    config_json, enabled, sort_order, created_at, updated_at
                 )
-                VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?)
+                VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?)
                 ON CONFLICT(id) DO UPDATE SET
                     addon_id = excluded.addon_id,
                     widget_type = excluded.widget_type,
+                    service_id = excluded.service_id,
+                    widget_kind = excluded.widget_kind,
                     title = excluded.title,
                     config_json = excluded.config_json,
                     enabled = excluded.enabled,
@@ -1461,6 +1474,8 @@ class SettingsStore:
                     widget["id"],
                     widget["addon_id"],
                     widget["widget_type"],
+                    widget["service_id"],
+                    widget["widget_kind"],
                     widget["title"],
                     json.dumps(widget["config"]),
                     1 if widget["enabled"] else 0,
@@ -1476,6 +1491,204 @@ class SettingsStore:
         with self.connect() as conn:
             conn.execute("DELETE FROM dashboard_widgets WHERE id = ?", (widget_id,))
 
+    # ------------------------------------------------------------------
+    # Service registry
+    # ------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    def _row_to_service(self, row: sqlite3.Row) -> dict[str, Any]:
+        secrets_blob = json.loads(row["secrets_json"] or "{}")
+        return {
+            "id": row["id"],
+            "service_type": row["service_type"],
+            "name": row["name"],
+            "config": json.loads(row["config_json"] or "{}"),
+            "secrets": secrets_blob,
+            "enabled": bool(row["enabled"]),
+            "created_at": row["created_at"],
+            "updated_at": row["updated_at"],
+        }
+
+    def list_services(self, service_type: str | None = None) -> list[dict[str, Any]]:
+        self.init_schema()
+        with self.connect() as conn:
+            if service_type:
+                rows = conn.execute(
+                    "SELECT * FROM services WHERE service_type = ? ORDER BY name ASC",
+                    (service_type,),
+                ).fetchall()
+            else:
+                rows = conn.execute("SELECT * FROM services ORDER BY name ASC").fetchall()
+        return [self._row_to_service(row) for row in rows]
+
+    def get_service(self, service_id: str) -> dict[str, Any] | None:
+        self.init_schema()
+        with self.connect() as conn:
+            row = conn.execute("SELECT * FROM services WHERE id = ?", (service_id,)).fetchone()
+        return self._row_to_service(row) if row else None
+
+    def _normalize_service_payload(
+        self,
+        payload: dict[str, Any],
+        service_id: str | None = None,
+    ) -> dict[str, Any]:
+        current = self.get_service(service_id) if service_id else None
+        service_id = str(payload.get("id") or service_id or uuid.uuid4().hex[:12]).strip() or uuid.uuid4().hex[:12]
+        service_type = str(payload.get("service_type") or (current or {}).get("service_type", "")).strip()
+        name = str(payload.get("name") or (current or {}).get("name", "") or "").strip()
+        config = payload.get("config", (current or {}).get("config", {}))
+        if not isinstance(config, dict):
+            config = {}
+        enabled = bool(payload.get("enabled", (current or {}).get("enabled", True)))
+        return {
+            "id": service_id,
+            "service_type": service_type,
+            "name": name,
+            "config": config,
+            "enabled": enabled,
+        }
+
+    def upsert_service(
+        self,
+        payload: dict[str, Any],
+        secret_values: dict[str, str] | None = None,
+        service_id: str | None = None,
+    ) -> dict[str, Any]:
+        """Insert or update a service instance.
+
+        ``secret_values`` carries plaintext secrets to encrypt and store. A key
+        absent from ``secret_values`` preserves the existing ciphertext; a key
+        mapped to an empty string clears it.
+        """
+        self.init_schema()
+        service = self._normalize_service_payload(payload, service_id)
+        now = int(time.time())
+
+        existing = self.get_service(service["id"])
+        secrets_blob: dict[str, str]
+        if existing is not None:
+            secrets_blob = dict(existing["secrets"])
+        else:
+            secrets_blob = {}
+        if secret_values:
+            from media_library_viewer_api.services.secrets import encrypt_value
+
+            for key, value in secret_values.items():
+                if value == "":
+                    secrets_blob.pop(key, None)
+                else:
+                    secrets_blob[key] = encrypt_value(value)
+
+        with self.connect() as conn:
+            created_at = int(existing["created_at"]) if existing else now
+            conn.execute(
+                """
+                INSERT INTO services (
+                    id, service_type, name, config_json, secrets_json,
+                    enabled, created_at, updated_at
+                )
+                VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?)
+                ON CONFLICT(id) DO UPDATE SET
+                    service_type = excluded.service_type,
+                    name = excluded.name,
+                    config_json = excluded.config_json,
+                    secrets_json = excluded.secrets_json,
+                    enabled = excluded.enabled,
+                    updated_at = excluded.updated_at
+                """,
+                (
+                    service["id"],
+                    service["service_type"],
+                    service["name"],
+                    json.dumps(service["config"]),
+                    json.dumps(secrets_blob),
+                    1 if service["enabled"] else 0,
+                    created_at,
+                    now,
+                ),
+            )
+        return self.get_service(service["id"]) or service
+
+    def delete_service(self, service_id: str) -> None:
+        """Delete a service and cascade-delete widgets referencing it."""
+        self.init_schema()
+        with self.connect() as conn:
+            # The service_id column on dashboard_widgets is added in a later
+            # slice; only cascade when it is present.
+            widget_cols = {row[1] for row in conn.execute("PRAGMA table_info(dashboard_widgets)").fetchall()}
+            if "service_id" in widget_cols:
+                conn.execute(
+                    "DELETE FROM dashboard_widgets WHERE service_id = ?",
+                    (service_id,),
+                )
+            conn.execute("DELETE FROM services WHERE id = ?", (service_id,))
+
+    def record_service_task_run(self, payload: dict[str, Any]) -> dict[str, Any]:
+        """Append a service task run history row."""
+        self.init_schema()
+        run_id = str(payload.get("id") or uuid.uuid4().hex[:12])
+        now = int(time.time())
+        with self.connect() as conn:
+            conn.execute(
+                """
+                INSERT INTO service_task_runs (
+                    id, task_id, service_id, status, exit_status, duration_ms,
+                    stdout_tail, stderr_tail, error, created_at
+                )
+                VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?)
+                """,
+                (
+                    run_id,
+                    str(payload.get("task_id") or ""),
+                    str(payload.get("service_id") or ""),
+                    str(payload.get("status") or "error"),
+                    payload.get("exit_status"),
+                    payload.get("duration_ms"),
+                    str(payload.get("stdout_tail") or "")[:8000],
+                    str(payload.get("stderr_tail") or "")[:8000],
+                    str(payload.get("error") or "")[:1000],
+                    int(payload.get("created_at") or now),
+                ),
+            )
+        return {"id": run_id}
+
+    def list_service_task_runs(
+        self,
+        service_id: str | None = None,
+        task_id: str | None = None,
+        limit: int = 50,
+    ) -> list[dict[str, Any]]:
+        self.init_schema()
+        clauses: list[str] = []
+        params: list[Any] = []
+        if service_id:
+            clauses.append("service_id = ?")
+            params.append(service_id)
+        if task_id:
+            clauses.append("task_id = ?")
+            params.append(task_id)
+        where = ("WHERE " + " AND ".join(clauses)) if clauses else ""
+        params.append(int(limit))
+        with self.connect() as conn:
+            rows = conn.execute(
+                f"SELECT * FROM service_task_runs {where} ORDER BY created_at DESC LIMIT ?",
+                params,
+            ).fetchall()
+        return [
+            {
+                "id": row["id"],
+                "task_id": row["task_id"],
+                "service_id": row["service_id"],
+                "status": row["status"],
+                "exit_status": row["exit_status"],
+                "duration_ms": row["duration_ms"],
+                "stdout_tail": row["stdout_tail"],
+                "stderr_tail": row["stderr_tail"],
+                "error": row["error"],
+                "created_at": row["created_at"],
+            }
+            for row in rows
+        ]
+
 
 _store: SettingsStore | None = None
 

backend/src/media_library_viewer_api/widgets/builtin.py

@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+"""Built-in, service-less widget kinds.
+
+These widgets do not talk to an external service and therefore have no
+``service_id``. They are kept out of the service registry (which models
+configurable external services) and live here as a small closed set.
+
+Currently: ``backups`` (reads the internal backup tables) and ``static``
+(plain text/markdown).
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from typing import Any
+
+from media_library_viewer_api.integrations.base import WidgetKind
+
+BUILTIN_WIDGET_KINDS: dict[str, WidgetKind] = {
+    "backups": WidgetKind(
+        kind="backups",
+        name="Backups",
+        description="Backup job summary and active alerts.",
+        config_schema={"type": "object", "properties": {}, "required": []},
+        default_config={},
+        refresh_interval_ms=60_000,
+    ),
+    "static": WidgetKind(
+        kind="static",
+        name="Static text",
+        description="Plain text or markdown note.",
+        config_schema={
+            "type": "object",
+            "properties": {"text": {"type": "string", "description": "Text or markdown content"}},
+            "required": ["text"],
+        },
+        default_config={"text": ""},
+        refresh_interval_ms=0,
+    ),
+}
+
+
+def get_builtin_widget_kind(kind: str) -> WidgetKind | None:
+    return BUILTIN_WIDGET_KINDS.get(kind)
+
+
+def is_builtin_kind(kind: str) -> bool:
+    return kind in BUILTIN_WIDGET_KINDS
+
+
+def builtin_widget_kind_models() -> dict[str, type]:
+    """Pydantic widget-config models for built-in kinds (validated manually).
+
+    Backups has no user fields; static validates ``text``.
+    """
+    from pydantic import BaseModel, Field
+
+    class StaticConfig(BaseModel):
+        text: str = Field(default="")
+
+    return {"static": StaticConfig}
+
+
+def validate_builtin_config(kind: str, config: dict[str, Any]) -> dict[str, Any]:
+    """Validate (lightly) a built-in widget config and return the cleaned dict."""
+    models = builtin_widget_kind_models()
+    model_cls = models.get(kind)
+    if model_cls is None:
+        return dict(config or {})
+    return model_cls.model_validate(config or {}).model_dump(exclude_none=True)

backend/src/media_library_viewer_api/widgets/registry.py

@@ -1,187 +0,0 @@
-"""Closed, compile-time widget registry.
-
-New widget types and source adapters require a code change in Phase 1.
-There is no runtime plugin loading.
-"""
-
-from typing import Any
-
-from media_library_viewer_api.models.widgets import WidgetTypeInfo
-
-WIDGET_REGISTRY: dict[str, dict[str, Any]] = {
-    "jellyfin": {
-        "addon_id": "core",
-        "name": "Jellyfin activity",
-        "description": "Live sessions and idle users from a Jellyfin server.",
-        "source_type": "jellyfin",
-        "config_schema": {
-            "type": "object",
-            "properties": {
-                "machine_id": {
-                    "type": "string",
-                    "description": "Jellyfin machine id (empty = default)",
-                },
-            },
-            "required": ["machine_id"],
-        },
-    },
-    "backups": {
-        "addon_id": "backups",
-        "name": "Backups",
-        "description": "Backup job summary and active alerts.",
-        "source_type": "backups",
-        "config_schema": {
-            "type": "object",
-            "properties": {},
-            "required": [],
-        },
-    },
-    "grafana-link": {
-        "addon_id": "grafana",
-        "name": "Grafana link",
-        "description": "Deep-link to a Grafana dashboard or panel.",
-        "source_type": "grafana",
-        "config_schema": {
-            "type": "object",
-            "properties": {
-                "dashboard_uid": {
-                    "type": "string",
-                    "description": "Grafana dashboard UID",
-                },
-                "panel_id": {
-                    "type": "integer",
-                    "description": "Optional panel id",
-                },
-            },
-            "required": ["dashboard_uid"],
-        },
-    },
-    "prometheus-metric": {
-        "addon_id": "prometheus",
-        "name": "Prometheus metric",
-        "description": "Instant query result rendered as a metric.",
-        "source_type": "prometheus",
-        "config_schema": {
-            "type": "object",
-            "properties": {
-                "promql": {
-                    "type": "string",
-                    "description": "PromQL instant query",
-                },
-            },
-            "required": ["promql"],
-        },
-    },
-    "ssh-task": {
-        "addon_id": "ssh-tasks",
-        "name": "SSH task output",
-        "description": "Output of a saved task run on a machine.",
-        "source_type": "ssh_task",
-        "config_schema": {
-            "type": "object",
-            "properties": {
-                "task_id": {
-                    "type": "string",
-                    "description": "Saved task id",
-                },
-            },
-            "required": ["task_id"],
-        },
-    },
-    "static": {
-        "addon_id": "core",
-        "name": "Static text",
-        "description": "Plain text or markdown note.",
-        "source_type": "static",
-        "config_schema": {
-            "type": "object",
-            "properties": {
-                "text": {
-                    "type": "string",
-                    "description": "Text or markdown content",
-                },
-            },
-            "required": ["text"],
-        },
-    },
-}
-
-
-def list_source_types() -> list[str]:
-    """Return all registered source type names."""
-    return sorted({info["source_type"] for info in WIDGET_REGISTRY.values()})
-
-
-def list_widget_types() -> list[WidgetTypeInfo]:
-    """Return metadata for all registered widget types."""
-    return [
-        WidgetTypeInfo(
-            addon_id=info["addon_id"],
-            widget_type=widget_type,
-            name=info["name"],
-            description=info["description"],
-            source_type=info["source_type"],
-            config_schema=info["config_schema"],
-        )
-        for widget_type, info in WIDGET_REGISTRY.items()
-    ]
-
-
-def get_widget_info(widget_type: str) -> WidgetTypeInfo | None:
-    """Return metadata for a single widget type, or None if unknown."""
-    info = WIDGET_REGISTRY.get(widget_type)
-    if not info:
-        return None
-    return WidgetTypeInfo(
-        addon_id=info["addon_id"],
-        widget_type=widget_type,
-        name=info["name"],
-        description=info["description"],
-        source_type=info["source_type"],
-        config_schema=info["config_schema"],
-    )
-
-
-def _validate_type(value: Any, expected: str) -> bool:
-    if expected == "string":
-        return isinstance(value, str)
-    if expected == "integer":
-        return isinstance(value, int) and not isinstance(value, bool)
-    if expected == "boolean":
-        return isinstance(value, bool)
-    if expected == "number":
-        return isinstance(value, (int, float)) and not isinstance(value, bool)
-    if expected == "object":
-        return isinstance(value, dict)
-    if expected == "array":
-        return isinstance(value, list)
-    return True
-
-
-def validate_config(widget_type: str, config: dict[str, Any]) -> None:
-    """Validate a widget config against its registered JSON schema.
-
-    Raises ValueError with a descriptive message if validation fails.
-    Phase 1 supports only required-field and primitive-type checks.
-    """
-    info = WIDGET_REGISTRY.get(widget_type)
-    if not info:
-        raise ValueError(f"Unknown widget type: {widget_type}")
-
-    schema = info["config_schema"]
-    required = schema.get("required", [])
-    properties = schema.get("properties", {})
-
-    for key in required:
-        if key not in config:
-            raise ValueError(f"Missing required config field: {key}")
-
-    for key, value in config.items():
-        prop = properties.get(key)
-        if not prop:
-            # Unknown keys are allowed in Phase 1 unless they look like secrets
-            # (handled by the model validator). Skip type checks for unknowns.
-            continue
-        expected_type = prop.get("type")
-        if expected_type and not _validate_type(value, expected_type):
-            raise ValueError(f"Config field '{key}' must be of type {expected_type}")

backend/src/media_library_viewer_api/widgets/sources.py

@@ -1,9 +1,11 @@
 """Widget source adapters.
 
-Each adapter implements a uniform async interface and translates widget
+Adapters translate a widget instance into dashboard data. Service-bound widgets
-configuration into data for the dashboard. Adapters reuse existing clients,
+are resolved against a :class:`ServiceRecord` (config + decrypted secrets); the
-machine registries, and environment settings; they never accept arbitrary
+built-in widgets (backups, static) take ``service=None``.
-commands or store credentials.
+
+Adapters never accept arbitrary commands and never store credentials — secrets
+are decrypted in memory only for the duration of a fetch.
 """
 
 from __future__ import annotations
@@ -11,94 +13,103 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 import asyncio
 import logging
 import shlex
+import time
+from dataclasses import dataclass, field
 from typing import Any, Protocol
 
 import requests
-from starlette.requests import Request
 
+from media_library_viewer_api.clients.jellyfin import JellyfinClient
+from media_library_viewer_api.clients.ssh import RemoteSSHClient
 from media_library_viewer_api.config import get_settings
-from media_library_viewer_api.dependencies import get_jellyfin_client
 from media_library_viewer_api.domain.dashboard import (
     _map_sessions_to_activity_rows,
     build_backup_dashboard_summary,
 )
-from media_library_viewer_api.routers.tasks import _client_for_machine, _resolve_machine_for_task
+from media_library_viewer_api.services.settings_store import SettingsStore, get_settings_store
-from media_library_viewer_api.services.settings_store import get_settings_store
 
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 
-def _request_with_machine_id(machine_id: str | None = None) -> Request:
+@dataclass
-    """Build a minimal Starlette Request carrying a machine_id query param."""
+class ServiceRecord:
-    query = f"machine_id={machine_id}".encode() if machine_id else b""
+    """Runtime view of a service instance with decrypted secrets."""
-    return Request({"type": "http", "query_string": query})
+
+    id: str
+    service_type: str
+    name: str
+    config: dict[str, Any] = field(default_factory=dict)
+    secrets: dict[str, str] = field(default_factory=dict)
+    enabled: bool = True
+
+
+def build_service_record(store: SettingsStore, service_row: dict[str, Any]) -> ServiceRecord:
+    """Build a :class:`ServiceRecord`, decrypting secrets in memory."""
+    from media_library_viewer_api.services.secrets import decrypt_secrets
+
+    return ServiceRecord(
+        id=service_row["id"],
+        service_type=service_row["service_type"],
+        name=service_row["name"],
+        config=service_row.get("config") or {},
+        secrets=decrypt_secrets(service_row.get("secrets") or {}),
+        enabled=bool(service_row.get("enabled", True)),
+    )
 
 
 class WidgetSource(Protocol):
     """Protocol for widget source adapters."""
 
-    source_type: str
+    async def fetch(
-
+        self,
-    async def fetch(self, config: dict[str, Any]) -> dict[str, Any]: ...
+        service: ServiceRecord | None,
+        widget_kind: str,
+        config: dict[str, Any],
+    ) -> dict[str, Any]: ...
 
 
-class JellyfinWidgetSource:
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-    """Fetch Jellyfin sessions and map them to activity rows."""
+# Built-in (service-less) adapters
-
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-    source_type = "jellyfin"
-    timeout = 10
-
-    async def fetch(self, config: dict[str, Any]) -> dict[str, Any]:
-        try:
-            request = _request_with_machine_id(config.get("machine_id") or None)
-            client = await asyncio.wait_for(
-                asyncio.to_thread(get_jellyfin_client, request),
-                timeout=self.timeout,
-            )
-            sessions = await asyncio.wait_for(
-                asyncio.to_thread(client.sessions),
-                timeout=self.timeout,
-            )
-            rows = _map_sessions_to_activity_rows(sessions)
-            return {"sessions": rows}
-        except asyncio.TimeoutError:
-            return {"error": "Widget data fetch timed out"}
-        except Exception as exc:
-            logger.exception("jellyfin adapter failed")
-            return {"error": f"Jellyfin data fetch failed: {exc}"}
 
 
 class BackupsWidgetSource:
-    """Compute the backup dashboard summary."""
+    """Compute the backup dashboard summary from internal tables."""
 
-    source_type = "backups"
+    async def fetch(self, service: ServiceRecord | None, widget_kind: str, config: dict[str, Any]) -> dict[str, Any]:
-    timeout = 10
-
-    async def fetch(self, config: dict[str, Any]) -> dict[str, Any]:
         try:
             store = get_settings_store()
             summary = build_backup_dashboard_summary(store)
             return summary.model_dump()
-        except asyncio.TimeoutError:
-            return {"error": "Widget data fetch timed out"}
         except Exception as exc:
             logger.exception("backups adapter failed")
             return {"error": f"Backup summary failed: {exc}"}
 
 
+class StaticWidgetSource:
+    """Return static text/markdown unchanged."""
+
+    async def fetch(self, service: ServiceRecord | None, widget_kind: str, config: dict[str, Any]) -> dict[str, Any]:
+        return {"text": config.get("text", "")}
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Service-bound adapters
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
 class GrafanaWidgetSource:
     """Build a Grafana deep-link (no embedding)."""
 
-    source_type = "grafana"
+    async def fetch(self, service: ServiceRecord | None, widget_kind: str, config: dict[str, Any]) -> dict[str, Any]:
-    timeout = 5
-
-    async def fetch(self, config: dict[str, Any]) -> dict[str, Any]:
         try:
-            settings = get_settings()
+            if service is None:
+                return {"error": "Grafana widget is missing its service"}
+            base_url = str(service.config.get("base_url") or "").rstrip("/")
             dashboard_uid = config.get("dashboard_uid")
             if not dashboard_uid:
                 return {"error": "dashboard_uid is required"}
-            url = f"{settings.grafana_url.rstrip('/')}/d/{dashboard_uid}"
+            url = f"{base_url}/d/{dashboard_uid}"
             panel_id = config.get("panel_id")
             if panel_id is not None:
                 url = f"{url}?viewPanel={panel_id}"
@@ -109,26 +120,26 @@ class GrafanaWidgetSource:
 
 
 class PrometheusWidgetSource:
-    """Run a PromQL instant query against Prometheus."""
+    """Run a PromQL instant query against a Prometheus service."""
 
-    source_type = "prometheus"
+    async def fetch(self, service: ServiceRecord | None, widget_kind: str, config: dict[str, Any]) -> dict[str, Any]:
-    timeout = 10
-
-    async def fetch(self, config: dict[str, Any]) -> dict[str, Any]:
         try:
-            settings = get_settings()
+            if service is None:
+                return {"error": "Prometheus widget is missing its service"}
+            base_url = str(service.config.get("base_url") or "").rstrip("/")
+            timeout = int(service.config.get("timeout_seconds") or 10)
             promql = config.get("promql")
             if not promql:
                 return {"error": "promql is required"}
-            url = f"{settings.prometheus_url.rstrip('/')}/api/v1/query"
+            url = f"{base_url}/api/v1/query"
             response = await asyncio.wait_for(
                 asyncio.to_thread(
                     requests.get,
                     url,
                     params={"query": promql},
-                    timeout=self.timeout,
+                    timeout=timeout,
                 ),
-                timeout=self.timeout,
+                timeout=timeout,
             )
             response.raise_for_status()
             payload = response.json()
@@ -143,16 +154,44 @@ class PrometheusWidgetSource:
             return {"error": f"Prometheus query failed: {exc}"}
 
 
-class SshTaskWidgetSource:
+class JellyfinWidgetSource:
-    """Run a saved task from the registry and return its output."""
+    """Fetch Jellyfin sessions and map them to activity rows."""
 
-    source_type = "ssh_task"
+    async def fetch(self, service: ServiceRecord | None, widget_kind: str, config: dict[str, Any]) -> dict[str, Any]:
-    timeout = 30
+        timeout = 10
-
-    async def fetch(self, config: dict[str, Any]) -> dict[str, Any]:
         try:
+            if service is None:
+                return {"error": "Jellyfin widget is missing its service"}
+            base_url = str(service.config.get("base_url") or "")
+            api_key = str(service.secrets.get("api_key") or "")
+            timeout = int(service.config.get("timeout_seconds") or 10)
+            client = await asyncio.wait_for(
+                asyncio.to_thread(JellyfinClient, base_url, api_key, timeout),
+                timeout=timeout,
+            )
+            sessions = await asyncio.wait_for(
+                asyncio.to_thread(client.sessions),
+                timeout=timeout,
+            )
+            rows = _map_sessions_to_activity_rows(sessions)
+            return {"sessions": rows}
+        except asyncio.TimeoutError:
+            return {"error": "Widget data fetch timed out"}
+        except Exception as exc:
+            logger.exception("jellyfin adapter failed")
+            return {"error": f"Jellyfin data fetch failed: {exc}"}
+
+
+class SshTaskWidgetSource:
+    """Run a saved task on an SSH task runner instance and log the run."""
+
+    async def fetch(self, service: ServiceRecord | None, widget_kind: str, config: dict[str, Any]) -> dict[str, Any]:
+        timeout = 30
+        try:
+            if service is None:
+                return {"error": "SSH task widget is missing its service"}
             store = get_settings_store()
-            task_id = config.get("task_id")
+            task_id = config.get("task_id") or ""
             if not task_id:
                 return {"error": "task_id is required"}
             task = store.get_task(task_id)
@@ -161,11 +200,8 @@ class SshTaskWidgetSource:
             if not task.get("enabled", True):
                 return {"error": "Task is disabled"}
 
-            machine = _resolve_machine_for_task(store, task, None)
+            client = _build_ssh_client(store, service)
-            if not machine:
+            timeout = int(service.config.get("timeout_seconds") or 30)
-                return {"error": "No machine available for this task"}
-
-            client = _client_for_machine(store, machine)
             task_type = str(task.get("task_type") or "shell").lower()
             command = str(task.get("content") or "")
             if task_type == "python":
@@ -173,41 +209,112 @@ class SshTaskWidgetSource:
             elif task_type != "shell":
                 return {"error": f"Unknown task type: {task_type}"}
 
+            start = time.perf_counter()
             result = await asyncio.wait_for(
-                asyncio.to_thread(client.run, command, timeout=self.timeout),
+                asyncio.to_thread(client.run, command, timeout),
-                timeout=self.timeout,
+                timeout=timeout,
             )
-            return {
+            duration_ms = int((time.perf_counter() - start) * 1000)
-                "exit_status": result.exit_status,
+            stdout = result.stdout or ""
-                "stdout": result.stdout or "",
+            stderr = result.stderr or ""
-                "stderr": result.stderr or "",
+            store.record_service_task_run(
-            }
+                {
+                    "task_id": task_id,
+                    "service_id": service.id,
+                    "status": "success" if result.exit_status == 0 else "failure",
+                    "exit_status": result.exit_status,
+                    "duration_ms": duration_ms,
+                    "stdout_tail": stdout,
+                    "stderr_tail": stderr,
+                    "error": "" if result.exit_status == 0 else (stderr or stdout or "Task failed"),
+                }
+            )
+            return {"exit_status": result.exit_status, "stdout": stdout, "stderr": stderr}
         except asyncio.TimeoutError:
+            _record_timeout(service, config, timeout)
             return {"error": "Widget data fetch timed out"}
         except Exception as exc:
             logger.exception("ssh_task adapter failed")
+            store = get_settings_store()
+            store.record_service_task_run(
+                {
+                    "task_id": str(config.get("task_id") or ""),
+                    "service_id": service.id if service else "",
+                    "status": "error",
+                    "duration_ms": 0,
+                    "error": str(exc)[:1000],
+                }
+            )
             return {"error": f"SSH task failed: {exc}"}
 
 
-class StaticWidgetSource:
+def _record_timeout(service: ServiceRecord | None, config: dict[str, Any], timeout: int) -> None:
-    """Return static text/markdown unchanged."""
+    try:
-
+        store = get_settings_store()
-    source_type = "static"
+        store.record_service_task_run(
-
+            {
-    async def fetch(self, config: dict[str, Any]) -> dict[str, Any]:
+                "task_id": str(config.get("task_id") or ""),
-        return {"text": config.get("text", "")}
+                "service_id": service.id if service else "",
+                "status": "timeout",
+                "duration_ms": timeout * 1000,
+                "error": f"Task timed out after {timeout}s",
+            }
+        )
+    except Exception:  # pragma: no cover - logging best-effort
+        logger.exception("failed to record ssh task timeout")
 
 
-SOURCE_REGISTRY: dict[str, WidgetSource] = {
+def _build_ssh_client(store: SettingsStore, service: ServiceRecord) -> RemoteSSHClient:
-    "jellyfin": JellyfinWidgetSource(),
+    """Build an SSH client from an ssh_tasks service instance + referenced key."""
-    "backups": BackupsWidgetSource(),
+    config = service.config
+    host = str(config.get("host") or "").strip()
+    username = str(config.get("username") or "").strip()
+    if not host or not username:
+        raise ValueError("SSH task service is missing host or username")
+
+    settings = get_settings()
+    private_key = ""
+    key_passphrase = ""
+    ssh_key_id = str(config.get("ssh_key_id") or "").strip()
+    if ssh_key_id:
+        ssh_key = store.get_ssh_key(ssh_key_id)
+        if ssh_key:
+            private_key = str(ssh_key.get("private_key") or "")
+            key_passphrase = str(ssh_key.get("passphrase") or "")
+    # Service-level passphrase secret takes precedence.
+    key_passphrase = str(service.secrets.get("passphrase") or "") or key_passphrase
+
+    return RemoteSSHClient(
+        host=host,
+        username=username,
+        port=int(config.get("port") or 22),
+        private_key=private_key or None,
+        private_key_passphrase=key_passphrase or None,
+        known_hosts_path=str(settings.ssh_known_hosts_file),
+        timeout=int(config.get("timeout_seconds") or 30),
+    )
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Registries
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+SERVICE_ADAPTERS: dict[str, WidgetSource] = {
     "grafana": GrafanaWidgetSource(),
     "prometheus": PrometheusWidgetSource(),
-    "ssh_task": SshTaskWidgetSource(),
+    "jellyfin": JellyfinWidgetSource(),
+    "ssh_tasks": SshTaskWidgetSource(),
+}
+
+BUILTIN_ADAPTERS: dict[str, WidgetSource] = {
+    "backups": BackupsWidgetSource(),
     "static": StaticWidgetSource(),
 }
 
 
-def get_source_adapter(source_type: str) -> WidgetSource | None:
+def get_service_adapter(service_type: str) -> WidgetSource | None:
-    """Return the adapter for a source type, or None if unknown."""
+    return SERVICE_ADAPTERS.get(service_type)
-    return SOURCE_REGISTRY.get(source_type)
+
+
+def get_builtin_adapter(kind: str) -> WidgetSource | None:
+    return BUILTIN_ADAPTERS.get(kind)

backend/tests/test_services.py

@@ -0,0 +1,360 @@
+"""Tests for the service registry: definitions, encryption, CRUD, cascade delete."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from types import SimpleNamespace
+from unittest.mock import patch
+
+import pytest
+from cryptography.fernet import Fernet
+from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
+
+from media_library_viewer_api.dependencies import get_settings_store
+from media_library_viewer_api.integrations.registry import (
+    SERVICE_DEFINITIONS,
+    get_service_definition,
+    get_widget_kind,
+)
+from media_library_viewer_api.main import app
+from media_library_viewer_api.services.secrets import (
+    EncryptionKeyError,
+    decrypt_secrets,
+    decrypt_value,
+    encrypt_secrets,
+    encrypt_value,
+    get_encryption_key,
+    reset_encryption_key_cache,
+)
+from media_library_viewer_api.services.settings_store import SettingsStore
+
+TEST_KEY = Fernet.generate_key().decode()
+
+
+@pytest.fixture(autouse=True)
+def _encryption_key(monkeypatch):
+    """Provide a stable MANAGE_ENCRYPTION_KEY for every test."""
+    monkeypatch.setenv("MANAGE_ENCRYPTION_KEY", TEST_KEY)
+    reset_encryption_key_cache()
+    yield
+    reset_encryption_key_cache()
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def client(tmp_path):
+    """FastAPI test client with a fresh settings store and auth disabled."""
+    store = SettingsStore(tmp_path / "settings.sqlite")
+    store.ensure_defaults()
+    app.dependency_overrides[get_settings_store] = lambda: store
+    auth_settings = SimpleNamespace(auth_enabled=False)
+    with patch("media_library_viewer_api.auth.get_settings", return_value=auth_settings):
+        yield TestClient(app)
+    app.dependency_overrides.clear()
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Registry
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+def test_registry_contains_five_service_types():
+    assert set(SERVICE_DEFINITIONS) == {
+        "grafana",
+        "prometheus",
+        "jellyfin",
+        "nextcloud",
+        "ssh_tasks",
+    }
+
+
+def test_definitions_declare_widget_kinds():
+    assert {wk.kind for wk in get_service_definition("grafana").widget_kinds} == {"link"}
+    assert {wk.kind for wk in get_service_definition("prometheus").widget_kinds} == {"metric"}
+    assert {wk.kind for wk in get_service_definition("jellyfin").widget_kinds} == {"activity"}
+    assert get_service_definition("nextcloud").widget_kinds == []
+    assert {wk.kind for wk in get_service_definition("ssh_tasks").widget_kinds} == {"task_output"}
+
+
+def test_widget_kind_lookup():
+    assert get_widget_kind("grafana", "link") is not None
+    assert get_widget_kind("grafana", "missing") is None
+    assert get_widget_kind("unknown", "link") is None
+
+
+def test_service_config_schema_is_json_schema():
+    schema = get_service_definition("grafana").config_schema
+    assert schema["type"] == "object"
+    assert "base_url" in schema["properties"]
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Encryption
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+def test_encrypt_decrypt_round_trip():
+    cipher = encrypt_value("hunter2")
+    assert cipher != "hunter2"
+    assert decrypt_value(cipher) == "hunter2"
+
+
+def test_encrypt_decrypt_secrets_dict():
+    blob = encrypt_secrets({"api_key": "abc", "token": "xyz"})
+    assert decrypt_secrets(blob) == {"api_key": "abc", "token": "xyz"}
+
+
+def test_missing_encryption_key_raises(monkeypatch):
+    monkeypatch.delenv("MANAGE_ENCRYPTION_KEY", raising=False)
+    reset_encryption_key_cache()
+    with pytest.raises(EncryptionKeyError):
+        get_encryption_key()
+    reset_encryption_key_cache()
+
+
+def test_decrypt_with_wrong_key_raises(monkeypatch):
+    blob = encrypt_secrets({"api_key": "abc"})
+    monkeypatch.setenv("MANAGE_ENCRYPTION_KEY", Fernet.generate_key().decode())
+    reset_encryption_key_cache()
+    with pytest.raises(EncryptionKeyError):
+        decrypt_secrets(blob)
+    reset_encryption_key_cache()
+
+
+def test_invalid_ciphertext_raises():
+    with pytest.raises(EncryptionKeyError):
+        decrypt_value("not-a-real-token")
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Service type metadata endpoint
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+def test_list_service_types(client):
+    response = client.get("/api/services/types")
+    assert response.status_code == 200
+    types = {item["service_type"] for item in response.json()}
+    assert types == {"grafana", "prometheus", "jellyfin", "nextcloud", "ssh_tasks"}
+
+
+def test_service_type_includes_secret_and_widget_metadata(client):
+    response = client.get("/api/services/types")
+    grafana = next(item for item in response.json() if item["service_type"] == "grafana")
+    assert [sf["key"] for sf in grafana["secret_fields"]] == ["api_key"]
+    assert [wk["kind"] for wk in grafana["widget_kinds"]] == ["link"]
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# CRUD
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+def _grafana_payload(**overrides):
+    payload = {
+        "service_type": "grafana",
+        "name": "Production Grafana",
+        "config": {"base_url": "https://grafana.example.com"},
+        "secrets": {"api_key": "secret-token"},
+        "enabled": True,
+    }
+    payload.update(overrides)
+    return payload
+
+
+def test_create_and_list_service(client):
+    response = client.post("/api/services/instances", json=_grafana_payload())
+    assert response.status_code == 201
+    created = response.json()
+    assert created["service_type"] == "grafana"
+    assert created["config"]["base_url"] == "https://grafana.example.com"
+    # Plaintext secrets are never returned.
+    assert "secrets" not in created
+    assert created["secrets_set"] == {"api_key": True}
+
+    response = client.get("/api/services/instances")
+    assert response.status_code == 200
+    assert len(response.json()) == 1
+
+
+def test_list_instances_filters_by_type(client):
+    client.post("/api/services/instances", json=_grafana_payload())
+    client.post(
+        "/api/services/instances",
+        json={
+            "service_type": "prometheus",
+            "name": "Prom",
+            "config": {"base_url": "http://prometheus:9090"},
+        },
+    )
+    response = client.get("/api/services/instances?service_type=grafana")
+    assert response.status_code == 200
+    assert len(response.json()) == 1
+    assert response.json()[0]["service_type"] == "grafana"
+
+
+def test_update_service_preserves_unsent_secrets(client):
+    created = client.post("/api/services/instances", json=_grafana_payload()).json()
+    # Update without sending secrets; the existing key should remain set.
+    updated = client.put(
+        f"/api/services/instances/{created['id']}",
+        json={
+            "service_type": "grafana",
+            "name": "Renamed Grafana",
+            "config": {"base_url": "https://grafana.example.com", "timeout_seconds": 10},
+        },
+    ).json()
+    assert updated["name"] == "Renamed Grafana"
+    assert updated["secrets_set"] == {"api_key": True}
+
+
+def test_update_service_can_clear_secret(client):
+    created = client.post("/api/services/instances", json=_grafana_payload()).json()
+    updated = client.put(
+        f"/api/services/instances/{created['id']}",
+        json={
+            "service_type": "grafana",
+            "name": "Production Grafana",
+            "config": {"base_url": "https://grafana.example.com"},
+            "secrets": {"api_key": ""},
+        },
+    ).json()
+    assert updated["secrets_set"] == {"api_key": False}
+
+
+def test_unknown_service_type_rejected(client):
+    response = client.post(
+        "/api/services/instances",
+        json={"service_type": "bogus", "name": "x", "config": {}},
+    )
+    assert response.status_code == 422
+
+
+def test_invalid_config_rejected(client):
+    response = client.post(
+        "/api/services/instances",
+        json={"service_type": "grafana", "name": "x", "config": {"base_url": ""}},
+    )
+    # Pydantic accepts empty string; force a real validation error via bad type.
+    response = client.post(
+        "/api/services/instances",
+        json={"service_type": "grafana", "name": "x", "config": {"timeout_seconds": "fast"}},
+    )
+    assert response.status_code == 422
+
+
+def test_unknown_secret_field_rejected(client):
+    response = client.post(
+        "/api/services/instances",
+        json={
+            "service_type": "grafana",
+            "name": "x",
+            "config": {"base_url": "https://grafana.example.com"},
+            "secrets": {"password": "leak"},
+        },
+    )
+    assert response.status_code == 422
+
+
+def test_credential_key_in_config_rejected(client):
+    response = client.post(
+        "/api/services/instances",
+        json={
+            "service_type": "grafana",
+            "name": "x",
+            "config": {"base_url": "https://grafana.example.com", "api_key": "leak"},
+        },
+    )
+    assert response.status_code == 422
+
+
+def test_update_nonexistent_returns_404(client):
+    response = client.put(
+        "/api/services/instances/missing",
+        json=_grafana_payload(id="missing"),
+    )
+    assert response.status_code == 404
+
+
+def test_update_id_mismatch_returns_400(client):
+    created = client.post("/api/services/instances", json=_grafana_payload()).json()
+    response = client.put(
+        f"/api/services/instances/{created['id']}",
+        json=_grafana_payload(id="other-id"),
+    )
+    assert response.status_code == 400
+
+
+def test_delete_service(client):
+    created = client.post("/api/services/instances", json=_grafana_payload()).json()
+    response = client.delete(f"/api/services/instances/{created['id']}")
+    assert response.status_code == 200
+    assert client.get("/api/services/instances").json() == []
+
+
+def test_delete_nonexistent_returns_404(client):
+    assert client.delete("/api/services/instances/missing").status_code == 404
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Cascade delete
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+def test_delete_service_cascades_to_widgets(client, tmp_path):
+    """Once widgets carry service_id (Slice 2), deleting a service removes them.
+
+    This test seeds a widget row directly with the column present to prove the
+    cascade path; the column is added defensively here so the test is meaningful
+    even before Slice 2 lands.
+    """
+    store = app.dependency_overrides[get_settings_store]()
+    service = store.upsert_service(
+        {"service_type": "grafana", "name": "Grafana", "config": {"base_url": "u"}, "enabled": True}
+    )
+
+    # Ensure the service_id column exists and seed a referencing widget.
+    with store.connect() as conn:
+        cols = {row[1] for row in conn.execute("PRAGMA table_info(dashboard_widgets)").fetchall()}
+        if "service_id" not in cols:
+            conn.execute("ALTER TABLE dashboard_widgets ADD COLUMN service_id TEXT")
+        conn.execute(
+            """
+            INSERT INTO dashboard_widgets (id, addon_id, widget_type, title, config_json,
+                                           enabled, sort_order, created_at, updated_at, service_id)
+            VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?)
+            """,
+            ("w1", "grafana", "grafana.link", "Link", "{}", 1, 0, 1, 1, service["id"]),
+        )
+
+    store.delete_service(service["id"])
+    assert store.get_service(service["id"]) is None
+    with store.connect() as conn:
+        remaining = conn.execute(
+            "SELECT COUNT(*) FROM dashboard_widgets WHERE service_id = ?",
+            (service["id"],),
+        ).fetchone()
+    assert int(remaining[0]) == 0
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Service task run history
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+def test_record_and_list_service_task_runs(client):
+    store = app.dependency_overrides[get_settings_store]()
+    service = store.upsert_service(
+        {"service_type": "ssh_tasks", "name": "box", "config": {"host": "h"}, "enabled": True}
+    )
+    store.record_service_task_run(
+        {
+            "task_id": "t1",
+            "service_id": service["id"],
+            "status": "success",
+            "exit_status": 0,
+            "stdout_tail": "ok",
+        }
+    )
+    runs = store.list_service_task_runs(service_id=service["id"])
+    assert len(runs) == 1
+    assert runs[0]["status"] == "success"
+    assert runs[0]["stdout_tail"] == "ok"

backend/tests/test_widgets.py

@@ -1,22 +1,32 @@
-"""Tests for the dashboard widget backend: registry, CRUD, validation, seeding, adapters."""
+"""Tests for the dashboard widget system: service-bound + built-in widgets."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
 
-import asyncio
 from types import SimpleNamespace
-from unittest.mock import MagicMock, patch
+from unittest.mock import patch
 
 import pytest
+from cryptography.fernet import Fernet
 from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
 
 from media_library_viewer_api.dependencies import get_settings_store
 from media_library_viewer_api.main import app
 from media_library_viewer_api.services.settings_store import SettingsStore
 from media_library_viewer_api.widgets.sources import (
-    SOURCE_REGISTRY,
+    BackupsWidgetSource,
     GrafanaWidgetSource,
-    SshTaskWidgetSource,
+    ServiceRecord,
     StaticWidgetSource,
 )
 
+TEST_KEY = Fernet.generate_key().decode()
+
+
+@pytest.fixture(autouse=True)
+def _encryption_key(monkeypatch):
+    monkeypatch.setenv("MANAGE_ENCRYPTION_KEY", TEST_KEY)
+    yield
+
 
 @pytest.fixture
 def client(tmp_path):
@@ -30,446 +40,348 @@ def client(tmp_path):
     app.dependency_overrides.clear()
 
 
-def test_widget_sources(client):
+def _make_grafana_service(client, name="Production Grafana", **config_overrides):
-    response = client.get("/api/widgets/sources")
+    config = {"base_url": "https://grafana.example.com"}
+    config.update(config_overrides)
+    return client.post(
+        "/api/services/instances",
+        json={"service_type": "grafana", "name": name, "config": config, "enabled": True},
+    ).json()
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Built-in kinds + built-in widget CRUD
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+def test_list_builtin_kinds(client):
+    response = client.get("/api/widgets/builtin")
     assert response.status_code == 200
-    assert set(response.json()) == {
+    kinds = {item["kind"] for item in response.json()}
-        "jellyfin",
+    assert kinds == {"backups", "static"}
-        "backups",
-        "grafana",
-        "prometheus",
-        "ssh_task",
-        "static",
-    }
 
 
-def test_widget_types(client):
+def test_create_and_read_static_widget(client):
-    response = client.get("/api/widgets/types")
-    assert response.status_code == 200
-    types = {item["widget_type"] for item in response.json()}
-    assert types == {
-        "jellyfin",
-        "backups",
-        "grafana-link",
-        "prometheus-metric",
-        "ssh-task",
-        "static",
-    }
-
-
-def test_create_and_read_widget(client):
     response = client.post(
         "/api/widgets/instances",
         json={
-            "addon_id": "core",
+            "widget_kind": "static",
-            "widget_type": "static",
             "title": "Note",
             "config": {"text": "hello"},
-            "enabled": True,
-            "sort_order": 5,
         },
     )
     assert response.status_code == 201
-    widget = response.json()
+    created = response.json()
-    assert widget["title"] == "Note"
+    assert created["widget_kind"] == "static"
-    assert widget["config"] == {"text": "hello"}
+    assert created["service_id"] is None
-    assert widget["enabled"] is True
+    assert created["config"]["text"] == "hello"
-    assert widget["sort_order"] == 5
-    widget_id = widget["id"]
 
-    response = client.get("/api/widgets/instances")
+    listed = client.get("/api/widgets/instances").json()
-    assert response.status_code == 200
+    assert len(listed) == 1
-    assert any(w["id"] == widget_id for w in response.json())
+    assert listed[0]["id"] == created["id"]
 
 
-def test_update_widget(client):
+def test_create_backups_widget(client):
+    response = client.post(
+        "/api/widgets/instances",
+        json={"widget_kind": "backups", "title": "Backups", "config": {}},
+    )
+    assert response.status_code == 201
+
+
+def test_unknown_builtin_kind_rejected(client):
+    response = client.post(
+        "/api/widgets/instances",
+        json={"widget_kind": "bogus", "title": "x", "config": {}},
+    )
+    assert response.status_code == 422
+
+
+def test_credential_key_in_config_rejected(client):
+    response = client.post(
+        "/api/widgets/instances",
+        json={"widget_kind": "static", "title": "x", "config": {"api_key": "leak"}},
+    )
+    assert response.status_code == 422
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Service-bound widget CRUD
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+def test_create_service_bound_widget(client):
+    service = _make_grafana_service(client)
     response = client.post(
         "/api/widgets/instances",
         json={
-            "addon_id": "core",
+            "service_id": service["id"],
-            "widget_type": "static",
+            "widget_kind": "link",
-            "title": "Note",
+            "title": "Dashboard",
-            "config": {"text": "hello"},
+            "config": {"dashboard_uid": "overview"},
         },
     )
-    widget_id = response.json()["id"]
+    assert response.status_code == 201
-
+    created = response.json()
-    response = client.put(
+    assert created["service_id"] == service["id"]
-        f"/api/widgets/instances/{widget_id}",
+    assert created["widget_kind"] == "link"
-        json={
-            "addon_id": "core",
-            "widget_type": "static",
-            "title": "Updated",
-            "config": {"text": "world"},
-            "enabled": False,
-            "sort_order": 10,
-        },
-    )
-    assert response.status_code == 200
-    data = response.json()
-    assert data["title"] == "Updated"
-    assert data["config"] == {"text": "world"}
-    assert data["enabled"] is False
-    assert data["sort_order"] == 10
 
 
-def test_delete_widget(client):
+def test_service_bound_widget_unknown_kind_rejected(client):
+    service = _make_grafana_service(client)
     response = client.post(
         "/api/widgets/instances",
         json={
-            "addon_id": "core",
+            "service_id": service["id"],
-            "widget_type": "static",
+            "widget_kind": "metric",
-            "title": "To delete",
+            "title": "x",
-            "config": {"text": "bye"},
-        },
-    )
-    widget_id = response.json()["id"]
-
-    response = client.delete(f"/api/widgets/instances/{widget_id}")
-    assert response.status_code == 200
-
-    response = client.get("/api/widgets/instances")
-    assert not any(w["id"] == widget_id for w in response.json())
-
-
-def test_unknown_widget_type_rejected(client):
-    response = client.post(
-        "/api/widgets/instances",
-        json={
-            "addon_id": "core",
-            "widget_type": "unknown",
-            "title": "Bad",
             "config": {},
         },
     )
     assert response.status_code == 422
 
 
-def test_addon_id_mismatch_rejected(client):
+def test_service_bound_widget_service_not_found_rejected(client):
     response = client.post(
         "/api/widgets/instances",
         json={
-            "addon_id": "grafana",
+            "service_id": "missing",
-            "widget_type": "static",
+            "widget_kind": "link",
-            "title": "Bad",
+            "title": "x",
-            "config": {"text": "x"},
+            "config": {"dashboard_uid": "u"},
         },
     )
     assert response.status_code == 422
 
 
-def test_credential_key_rejected(client):
+def test_service_bound_widget_invalid_config_rejected(client):
+    service = _make_grafana_service(client)
     response = client.post(
         "/api/widgets/instances",
         json={
-            "addon_id": "core",
+            "service_id": service["id"],
-            "widget_type": "static",
+            "widget_kind": "link",
-            "title": "Bad",
+            "title": "x",
-            "config": {"api_key": "secret123"},
+            "config": {"dashboard_uid": ""},  # empty still validates; use bad type
+        },
+    )
+    # Empty string passes Pydantic; force a real failure with a bad type.
+    response = client.post(
+        "/api/widgets/instances",
+        json={
+            "service_id": service["id"],
+            "widget_kind": "link",
+            "title": "x",
+            "config": {"dashboard_uid": 123},
         },
     )
     assert response.status_code == 422
 
 
-def test_update_nonexistent_widget(client):
+def test_update_and_delete_widget(client):
+    created = client.post(
+        "/api/widgets/instances",
+        json={"widget_kind": "static", "title": "Note", "config": {"text": "a"}},
+    ).json()
+    updated = client.put(
+        f"/api/widgets/instances/{created['id']}",
+        json={"widget_kind": "static", "title": "Note2", "config": {"text": "b"}},
+    ).json()
+    assert updated["title"] == "Note2"
+
+    assert client.delete(f"/api/widgets/instances/{created['id']}").status_code == 200
+    assert client.get("/api/widgets/instances").json() == []
+
+
+def test_update_nonexistent_returns_404(client):
     response = client.put(
-        "/api/widgets/instances/does-not-exist",
+        "/api/widgets/instances/missing",
-        json={
+        json={"widget_kind": "static", "title": "x", "config": {}},
-            "addon_id": "core",
-            "widget_type": "static",
-            "title": "Bad",
-            "config": {"text": "x"},
-        },
     )
     assert response.status_code == 404
 
 
-def test_delete_nonexistent_widget(client):
-    response = client.delete("/api/widgets/instances/does-not-exist")
-    assert response.status_code == 404
-
-
-def test_default_widgets_seeded(client):
-    response = client.get("/api/widgets/instances")
-    assert response.status_code == 200
-    widgets = response.json()
-    types = [w["widget_type"] for w in widgets]
-    assert "jellyfin" in types
-    assert "backups" in types
-
-
-def test_no_reseed_when_widgets_exist(tmp_path):
-    db_path = tmp_path / "settings.sqlite"
-    store = SettingsStore(db_path)
-    store.ensure_defaults()
-    widgets = store.list_widgets()
-    assert len(widgets) == 2
-
-    store.delete_widget(widgets[0]["id"])
-    store.ensure_defaults()
-
-    remaining = store.list_widgets()
-    assert len(remaining) == 1
-
-
 def test_update_id_mismatch_returns_400(client):
-    response = client.post(
+    created = client.post(
         "/api/widgets/instances",
-        json={
+        json={"widget_kind": "static", "title": "x", "config": {}},
-            "addon_id": "core",
+    ).json()
-            "widget_type": "static",
-            "title": "Note",
-            "config": {"text": "hello"},
-        },
-    )
-    widget_id = response.json()["id"]
-
     response = client.put(
-        f"/api/widgets/instances/{widget_id}",
+        f"/api/widgets/instances/{created['id']}",
-        json={
+        json={"id": "other", "widget_kind": "static", "title": "x", "config": {}},
-            "id": "different-id",
-            "addon_id": "core",
-            "widget_type": "static",
-            "title": "Updated",
-            "config": {"text": "world"},
-        },
     )
     assert response.status_code == 400
 
 
-def test_empty_title_rejected(client):
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-    response = client.post(
+# Data endpoint
-        "/api/widgets/instances",
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-        json={
-            "addon_id": "core",
-            "widget_type": "static",
-            "title": "",
-            "config": {"text": "hello"},
-        },
-    )
-    assert response.status_code == 422
-
-
-def test_config_type_error_rejected(client):
-    response = client.post(
-        "/api/widgets/instances",
-        json={
-            "addon_id": "grafana",
-            "widget_type": "grafana-link",
-            "title": "Grafana",
-            "config": {"panel_id": "not-an-integer"},
-        },
-    )
-    assert response.status_code == 422
-
-
-def test_list_instances_respects_sort_order(client):
-    response = client.get("/api/widgets/instances")
-    assert response.status_code == 200
-    widgets = response.json()
-    orders = [w["sort_order"] for w in widgets]
-    assert orders == sorted(orders)
-
-
-def test_enabled_round_trip(client):
-    response = client.post(
-        "/api/widgets/instances",
-        json={
-            "addon_id": "core",
-            "widget_type": "static",
-            "title": "Toggle",
-            "config": {"text": "x"},
-            "enabled": False,
-        },
-    )
-    widget_id = response.json()["id"]
-
-    response = client.put(
-        f"/api/widgets/instances/{widget_id}",
-        json={
-            "addon_id": "core",
-            "widget_type": "static",
-            "title": "Toggle",
-            "config": {"text": "x"},
-            "enabled": True,
-        },
-    )
-    assert response.status_code == 200
-    assert response.json()["enabled"] is True
 
 
 def test_fetch_static_widget_data(client):
-    response = client.post(
+    created = client.post(
         "/api/widgets/instances",
-        json={
+        json={"widget_kind": "static", "title": "Note", "config": {"text": "hello"}},
-            "addon_id": "core",
+    ).json()
-            "widget_type": "static",
+    response = client.get(f"/api/widgets/instances/{created['id']}/data")
-            "title": "Note",
-            "config": {"text": "hello world"},
-        },
-    )
-    widget_id = response.json()["id"]
-
-    response = client.get(f"/api/widgets/instances/{widget_id}/data")
     assert response.status_code == 200
-    data = response.json()
+    body = response.json()
-    assert data["widget_id"] == widget_id
+    assert body["data"]["text"] == "hello"
-    assert data["widget_type"] == "static"
+    assert body["error"] is None
-    assert data["data"] == {"text": "hello world"}
-    assert data["error"] is None
-    assert isinstance(data["fetched_at"], int)
 
 
-def test_fetch_grafana_widget_data(client):
+def test_fetch_backups_widget_data(client):
-    response = client.post(
+    created = client.post(
         "/api/widgets/instances",
-        json={
+        json={"widget_kind": "backups", "title": "Backups", "config": {}},
-            "addon_id": "grafana",
+    ).json()
-            "widget_type": "grafana-link",
+    response = client.get(f"/api/widgets/instances/{created['id']}/data")
-            "title": "Grafana",
-            "config": {"dashboard_uid": "overview", "panel_id": 3},
-        },
-    )
-    widget_id = response.json()["id"]
-
-    response = client.get(f"/api/widgets/instances/{widget_id}/data")
     assert response.status_code == 200
-    data = response.json()
+    assert "total_jobs" in response.json()["data"]
-    assert data["widget_type"] == "grafana-link"
-    assert data["data"]["url"] == "http://grafana:3000/d/overview?viewPanel=3"
 
 
-def test_fetch_prometheus_widget_data(client):
+def test_fetch_grafana_link_widget_data(client):
-    response = client.post(
+    service = _make_grafana_service(client)
+    created = client.post(
         "/api/widgets/instances",
         json={
-            "addon_id": "prometheus",
+            "service_id": service["id"],
-            "widget_type": "prometheus-metric",
+            "widget_kind": "link",
-            "title": "CPU",
+            "title": "Dashboard",
-            "config": {"promql": '100 - avg(irate(node_cpu_seconds_total{mode="idle"}[5m])) * 100'},
+            "config": {"dashboard_uid": "overview", "panel_id": 2},
         },
-    )
+    ).json()
-    widget_id = response.json()["id"]
+    response = client.get(f"/api/widgets/instances/{created['id']}/data")
-
-    fake_payload = {"data": {"resultType": "scalar", "result": [1718900000, "42.5"]}}
-    with patch("media_library_viewer_api.widgets.sources.requests.get") as mock_get:
-        mock_response = MagicMock()
-        mock_response.raise_for_status.return_value = None
-        mock_response.json.return_value = fake_payload
-        mock_get.return_value = mock_response
-
-        response = client.get(f"/api/widgets/instances/{widget_id}/data")
-
     assert response.status_code == 200
-    data = response.json()
+    assert response.json()["data"]["url"] == "https://grafana.example.com/d/overview?viewPanel=2"
-    assert data["widget_type"] == "prometheus-metric"
-    assert data["data"]["result"]["resultType"] == "scalar"
 
 
-def test_fetch_jellyfin_widget_data_error(client):
+def test_fetch_widget_service_not_found(client):
-    response = client.post(
+    service = _make_grafana_service(client)
+    created = client.post(
         "/api/widgets/instances",
         json={
-            "addon_id": "core",
+            "service_id": service["id"],
-            "widget_type": "jellyfin",
+            "widget_kind": "link",
-            "title": "Activity",
+            "title": "x",
-            "config": {"machine_id": ""},
+            "config": {"dashboard_uid": "u"},
+        },
+    ).json()
+    # Deleting the service cascade-deletes its widgets, so the widget is gone.
+    client.delete(f"/api/services/instances/{service['id']}")
+    assert client.get("/api/widgets/instances").json() == []
+    assert client.get(f"/api/widgets/instances/{created['id']}/data").status_code == 404
+
+
+def test_fetch_widget_service_disabled(client):
+    service = _make_grafana_service(client)
+    created = client.post(
+        "/api/widgets/instances",
+        json={
+            "service_id": service["id"],
+            "widget_kind": "link",
+            "title": "x",
+            "config": {"dashboard_uid": "u"},
+        },
+    ).json()
+    client.put(
+        f"/api/services/instances/{service['id']}",
+        json={
+            "service_type": "grafana",
+            "name": service["name"],
+            "config": {"base_url": "https://grafana.example.com"},
+            "enabled": False,
         },
     )
-    widget_id = response.json()["id"]
+    response = client.get(f"/api/widgets/instances/{created['id']}/data")
-
-    response = client.get(f"/api/widgets/instances/{widget_id}/data")
     assert response.status_code == 200
-    data = response.json()
+    assert "disabled" in response.json()["error"]
-    assert data["widget_type"] == "jellyfin"
-    assert data["data"] is None
-    assert data["error"] is not None
-    assert "Jellyfin" in data["error"] or "machine" in data["error"].lower()
 
 
-def test_fetch_widget_data_not_found(client):
+def test_fetch_widget_not_found(client):
-    response = client.get("/api/widgets/instances/does-not-exist/data")
+    assert client.get("/api/widgets/instances/missing/data").status_code == 404
-    assert response.status_code == 404
 
 
-def test_fetch_widget_data_unhandled_exception_returns_500(client):
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-    response = client.post(
+# Adapter unit tests
-        "/api/widgets/instances",
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-        json={
-            "addon_id": "core",
-            "widget_type": "static",
-            "title": "Note",
-            "config": {"text": "x"},
-        },
-    )
-    widget_id = response.json()["id"]
 
-    class _ExplodingAdapter:
-        source_type = "static"
 
-        async def fetch(self, config):
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
-            raise RuntimeError("boom")
+async def test_grafana_adapter_builds_url():
+    adapter = GrafanaWidgetSource()
+    service = ServiceRecord(id="s", service_type="grafana", name="g", config={"base_url": "http://g:3000"})
+    result = await adapter.fetch(service, "link", {"dashboard_uid": "ov"})
+    assert result["url"] == "http://g:3000/d/ov"
+    result = await adapter.fetch(service, "link", {"dashboard_uid": "ov", "panel_id": 4})
+    assert result["url"] == "http://g:3000/d/ov?viewPanel=4"
 
-    with patch("media_library_viewer_api.routers.widgets.get_source_adapter", return_value=_ExplodingAdapter()):
-        response = client.get(f"/api/widgets/instances/{widget_id}/data")
 
-    assert response.status_code == 500
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_grafana_adapter_missing_service():
+    adapter = GrafanaWidgetSource()
+    result = await adapter.fetch(None, "link", {"dashboard_uid": "ov"})
+    assert "error" in result
 
 
 @pytest.mark.asyncio
 async def test_static_adapter():
     adapter = StaticWidgetSource()
-    result = await adapter.fetch({"text": "hello"})
+    result = await adapter.fetch(None, "static", {"text": "hi"})
-    assert result == {"text": "hello"}
+    assert result == {"text": "hi"}
 
 
 @pytest.mark.asyncio
-async def test_grafana_adapter():
+async def test_backups_adapter(client):
-    adapter = GrafanaWidgetSource()
+    store = app.dependency_overrides[get_settings_store]()
-    result = await adapter.fetch({"dashboard_uid": "overview", "panel_id": 2})
+    with patch("media_library_viewer_api.widgets.sources.get_settings_store", return_value=store):
-    assert result["url"] == "http://grafana:3000/d/overview?viewPanel=2"
+        adapter = BackupsWidgetSource()
-
+        result = await adapter.fetch(None, "backups", {})
-    result = await adapter.fetch({"dashboard_uid": "overview"})
+    assert "total_jobs" in result
-    assert result["url"] == "http://grafana:3000/d/overview"
 
 
 @pytest.mark.asyncio
-async def test_ssh_task_adapter_timeout(tmp_path):
+async def test_ssh_task_adapter_missing_service():
-    store = SettingsStore(tmp_path / "settings.sqlite")
+    from media_library_viewer_api.widgets.sources import SshTaskWidgetSource
-    store.ensure_defaults()
-
-    # Create a local machine and a simple shell task.
-    machine = store.list_machines()[0]
-    task = store.upsert_task(
-        {
-            "name": "slow-task",
-            "task_type": "shell",
-            "content": "echo hello",
-            "enabled": True,
-            "default_machine_id": machine["id"],
-        }
-    )
 
     adapter = SshTaskWidgetSource()
-    with patch(
+    result = await adapter.fetch(None, "task_output", {"task_id": "t1"})
-        "media_library_viewer_api.widgets.sources.get_settings_store",
-        return_value=store,
-    ), patch(
-        "media_library_viewer_api.widgets.sources.asyncio.wait_for",
-        side_effect=asyncio.TimeoutError,
-    ):
-        result = await adapter.fetch({"task_id": task["id"]})
-
     assert "error" in result
-    assert "timed out" in result["error"].lower()
 
 
-def test_source_registry_closed():
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
-    assert set(SOURCE_REGISTRY.keys()) == {
+async def test_ssh_task_adapter_records_history_on_run(client):
-        "jellyfin",
+    store = app.dependency_overrides[get_settings_store]()
-        "backups",
+    # Save a task and an ssh_tasks service instance.
-        "grafana",
+    task = store.upsert_task(
-        "prometheus",
+        {
-        "ssh_task",
+            "name": "echo",
-        "static",
+            "task_type": "shell",
-    }
+            "content": "echo hi",
+            "enabled": True,
+            "default_machine_id": "",
+        }
+    )
+    service = store.upsert_service(
+        {"service_type": "ssh_tasks", "name": "box", "config": {"host": "h", "username": "u"}, "enabled": True}
+    )
+
+    fake_result = SimpleNamespace(exit_status=0, stdout="hi\n", stderr="")
+    fake_client = SimpleNamespace(run=lambda *a, **k: fake_result)
+
+    from media_library_viewer_api.widgets.sources import SshTaskWidgetSource
+
+    adapter = SshTaskWidgetSource()
+    service_record = ServiceRecord(
+        id=service["id"], service_type="ssh_tasks", name="box", config={"host": "h", "username": "u"}
+    )
+    with (
+        patch("media_library_viewer_api.widgets.sources.get_settings_store", return_value=store),
+        patch("media_library_viewer_api.widgets.sources._build_ssh_client", return_value=fake_client),
+    ):
+        result = await adapter.fetch(service_record, "task_output", {"task_id": task["id"]})
+
+    assert result["exit_status"] == 0
+    runs = store.list_service_task_runs(service_id=service["id"])
+    assert len(runs) == 1
+    assert runs[0]["status"] == "success"

docker-compose.dev.yml

@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ services:
       ALERTMANAGER_WEBHOOK_URL: ${ALERTMANAGER_WEBHOOK_URL:-}
       GRAFANA_URL: ${GRAFANA_URL:-http://grafana:3000}
       PROMETHEUS_URL: ${PROMETHEUS_URL:-http://prometheus:9090}
+      MANAGE_ENCRYPTION_KEY: ${MANAGE_ENCRYPTION_KEY:?set MANAGE_ENCRYPTION_KEY in your .env}
     ports:
       - "8000:8000"
     volumes:

docker-compose.yml

@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@ services:
       ALERTMANAGER_WEBHOOK_URL: ${ALERTMANAGER_WEBHOOK_URL:-}
       GRAFANA_URL: ${GRAFANA_URL:-http://grafana:3000}
       PROMETHEUS_URL: ${PROMETHEUS_URL:-http://prometheus:9090}
+      MANAGE_ENCRYPTION_KEY: ${MANAGE_ENCRYPTION_KEY:?generate one with python -c "from cryptography.fernet import Fernet; print(Fernet.generate_key().decode())"}
     volumes:
       - ${BACKEND_CACHE_DIR:-./backend-cache}:/app/backend/.cache
     restart: unless-stopped

openspec/changes/service-registry/apply-progress.md

@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+# Apply Progress: Runtime Service Registry
+
+**Change:** `service-registry`
+**Apply run:** PR 1 + PR 2 / Slice 1 + Slice 2
+**Date:** 2026-06-19
+
+## Slice 1 — Backend service foundation (MERGED)
+
+Completed in PR #7. See git history. Summary: Fernet secrets helper, closed
+`integrations/` registry with Pydantic config + widget-config definitions for
+grafana/prometheus/jellyfin/nextcloud/ssh_tasks, `services` + `service_task_runs`
+tables with cascade delete, `/api/services*` CRUD, `MANAGE_ENCRYPTION_KEY`
+required at startup, 25 tests.
+
+## Slice 2 — Backend widget rebind to services (this PR)
+
+### Completed tasks
+
+- [x] 2.1 Add `service_id` / `widget_kind` columns to `dashboard_widgets`
+      (additive ALTER; legacy `addon_id`/`widget_type` kept but unused).
+- [x] 2.2 Refactor source adapters to `fetch(service, widget_kind, config)`
+      with `ServiceRecord | None`. `SERVICE_ADAPTERS` keyed by service_type;
+      `BUILTIN_ADAPTERS` for backups/static. SSH adapter resolves the task +
+      instance, runs, and appends a `service_task_runs` row (success/failure/
+      timeout/error).
+- [x] 2.3 Retire old `widgets/registry.py` (deleted; metadata now comes from
+      `integrations/registry` + `widgets/builtin`).
+- [x] 2.4 Update widgets router + models for service-bound + built-in widgets.
+      Removed `/api/widgets/types` and `/api/widgets/sources`; added
+      `/api/widgets/builtin`.
+- [x] 2.5 Rewrite widget tests around the new model.
+- [x] 2.6 Stop default widget seeding (fresh install = empty dashboard).
+
+### Decision resolved mid-slice
+
+Backups and static widgets stay as **service-less built-ins** (`service_id`
+nullable), per product decision. The data endpoint resolves built-ins via
+`BUILTIN_ADAPTERS` and service-bound widgets via `SERVICE_ADAPTERS` + a
+decrypted `ServiceRecord`.
+
+### Files changed (Slice 2)
+
+- New: `widgets/builtin.py` (built-in kinds + light config validation).
+- Rewritten: `widgets/sources.py` (`ServiceRecord`, new protocol, service +
+  built-in adapters, SSH run logging, `_build_ssh_client`).
+- Deleted: `widgets/registry.py`.
+- Modified: `models/widgets.py` (service_id + widget_kind; `BuiltinWidgetKindInfo`).
+- Modified: `routers/widgets.py` (new validation, `/builtin`, data resolution).
+- Modified: `services/settings_store.py` (widget columns; no-op seeding).
+- Modified: `integrations/base.py` (`WidgetKind.config_model` for Pydantic
+  widget-config validation).
+- Rewritten: `tests/test_widgets.py` (26 tests).
+
+### Verification (Slice 2)
+
+```bash
+cd backend
+.venv/bin/ruff check .                                      # All checks passed
+PYTHONPATH=src .venv/bin/python -m pytest                   # 222 passed
+cd ../frontend
+npm run lint                                                # 0 errors
+npm run build                                               # success
+```
+
+### Known transient state (resolved by Slice 3)
+
+Slice 2 is a backend-only breaking change to the widget API. Until Slice 3
+lands, the frontend still calls the removed `/api/widgets/types` and
+`/api/widgets/sources` endpoints and uses the old `widget_type` shape, so the
+dashboard widget config UI is non-functional at runtime. Build/lint stay green.
+This is the accepted transient state for a stacked backend→frontend rebind.
+
+## Remaining work
+
+- Slice 3: Frontend services runtime (types, API, hooks, frontend service
+  registry, service pages, route swap, remove addon pages, reconcile widget UI).
+- Slice 4: Dashboard picker on services, settings rework, remove
+  `grafana_url`/`prometheus_url` env vars, docs + changelog.