feat: add ssh_key_id to config profiles for container key mounting

- Add ssh_key_id column to ConfigProfile model and migration
- Update config profile API to accept/return ssh_key_id
- Include ssh_key_id in ResolvedProfile and resolver logic
- Mount selected SSH key into container home dir at start_instance
- Frontend config profile form with SSH key selector dropdown
- Git mount URL validation defaults to profile's SSH key

Quality gates: pytest (231 passed, 6 pre-existing), tsc --noEmit clean

apps/api/alembic/versions/069d3da4dc9b_add_ssh_key_id_to_config_profiles.py

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+"""add_ssh_key_id_to_config_profiles
+
+Revision ID: 069d3da4dc9b
+Revises: 2026_05_29_add_notifications_table
+Create Date: 2026-05-29 12:30:16.580532
+"""
+
+from alembic import op
+import sqlalchemy as sa
+
+
+# revision identifiers, used by Alembic.
+revision = "069d3da4dc9b"
+down_revision = "2026_05_29_add_notifications_table"
+branch_labels = None
+depends_on = None
+
+
+def upgrade() -> None:
+    op.add_column(
+        "config_profiles",
+        sa.Column(
+            "ssh_key_id",
+            sa.Uuid(),
+            sa.ForeignKey("ssh_keys.id", ondelete="SET NULL"),
+            nullable=True,
+        ),
+    )
+
+
+def downgrade() -> None:
+    op.drop_column("config_profiles", "ssh_key_id")

apps/api/src/api/config_profiles.py

@@ -188,6 +188,9 @@ class ConfigProfileCreate(BaseModel):
     git_mounts: list[GitMountItem] = Field(
         default_factory=list, description="Git repository mounts"
     )
+    ssh_key_id: str | None = Field(
+        default=None, description="Optional SSH key ID to mount into containers"
+    )
     is_default: bool = Field(
         default=False, description="Whether this is the default profile for its scope"
     )
@@ -249,6 +252,9 @@ class ConfigProfileUpdate(BaseModel):
     git_mounts: list[GitMountItem] | None = Field(
         default=None, description="Git repository mounts"
     )
+    ssh_key_id: str | None = Field(
+        default=None, description="Optional SSH key ID to mount into containers"
+    )
     is_default: bool | None = Field(
         default=None, description="Whether this is the default profile"
     )
@@ -376,6 +382,7 @@ def _profile_to_response(
         "mounts": profile.mounts or [],
         "git_mounts": profile.git_mounts or [],
         "files": profile.files or {},
+        "ssh_key_id": str(profile.ssh_key_id) if profile.ssh_key_id else None,
         "is_default": profile.is_default,
         "includes": [
             {
@@ -842,7 +849,9 @@ async def resolve_default_profile(
 
 class ValidateGitUrlRequest(BaseModel):
     url: str = Field(description="Git remote URL to validate")
-    ssh_key_id: str | None = Field(default=None, description="Optional SSH key ID for private repos")
+    ssh_key_id: str | None = Field(
+        default=None, description="Optional SSH key ID for private repos"
+    )
 
 
 class ValidateGitUrlResponse(BaseModel):
@@ -953,11 +962,18 @@ async def validate_git_url(
 
     if result.returncode != 0:
         stderr = result.stderr.strip()
-        if "could not resolve" in stderr.lower() or "unable to access" in stderr.lower():
+        if (
+            "could not resolve" in stderr.lower()
+            or "unable to access" in stderr.lower()
+        ):
             error_msg = "Could not reach repository. Check the URL and network access."
             error_code = "UNREACHABLE"
-        elif "authentication" in stderr.lower() or "permission denied" in stderr.lower():
-            error_msg = "Authentication failed. Provide an SSH key for private repositories."
+        elif (
+            "authentication" in stderr.lower() or "permission denied" in stderr.lower()
+        ):
+            error_msg = (
+                "Authentication failed. Provide an SSH key for private repositories."
+            )
             error_code = "AUTH_FAILED"
         else:
             error_msg = f"Repository not accessible: {stderr[:200]}"
@@ -979,7 +995,7 @@ async def validate_git_url(
             ref = parts[1]
             # refs/heads/branch-name
             if ref.startswith("refs/heads/"):
-                branch_name = ref[len("refs/heads/"):]
+                branch_name = ref[len("refs/heads/") :]
                 branches.append(branch_name)
                 if branch_name in ("main", "master"):
                     default_branch = branch_name

apps/api/src/api/tool_instances.py

@@ -1355,6 +1355,40 @@ async def start_instance(
                 working_directory = profile_hints["working_directory"]
             if profile_hints.get("port_override"):
                 port_override = profile_hints["port_override"]
+            # Mount SSH key from config profile into container home dir
+            if resolved.ssh_key_id is not None:
+                ssh_key = await session.get(SSHKey, resolved.ssh_key_id)
+                if ssh_key:
+                    try:
+                        ssh_dir = prepare_ssh_key_files(
+                            instance_dir, ssh_key, subdir="mounts/ssh/.ssh"
+                        )
+                        ssh_target = os.path.join(home_dir, ".ssh")
+                        extra_volumes.append(
+                            {
+                                "source": ssh_dir,
+                                "target": ssh_target,
+                                "type": "ro",
+                            }
+                        )
+                        logger.debug(
+                            "Mounted SSH key %s for instance %s to %s",
+                            ssh_key.name,
+                            instance.id,
+                            ssh_target,
+                        )
+                    except Exception as exc:
+                        logger.error(
+                            "Failed to prepare SSH key for instance %s: %s",
+                            instance.id,
+                            exc,
+                        )
+                else:
+                    logger.warning(
+                        "SSH key %s not found for config profile %s",
+                        resolved.ssh_key_id,
+                        resolved.profile_name,
+                    )
             logger.debug(
                 "Applied config profile %s to instance %s (env=%d, files=%d, mounts=%d, git_mounts=%d)",
                 resolved.profile_name,

apps/api/src/models/config_profile.py

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ from src.models.base import Base, TimestampMixin, UUIDPrimaryKeyMixin
 
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
     from src.models.project import Project
+    from src.models.ssh_key import SSHKey
     from src.models.tool_type import ToolType
     from src.models.user import User
 
@@ -42,11 +43,15 @@ class ConfigProfile(UUIDPrimaryKeyMixin, TimestampMixin, Base):
     git_mounts: Mapped[list] = mapped_column(
         JSON, default=list, nullable=False
     )  # [{"remote_url": "https://github.com/user/repo.git", "source_path": ".", "target_path": "/path", "branch": "main"}, ...]
+    ssh_key_id: Mapped[uuid.UUID | None] = mapped_column(
+        UUID(), ForeignKey("ssh_keys.id", ondelete="SET NULL"), nullable=True
+    )
     is_default: Mapped[bool] = mapped_column(Boolean, default=False, nullable=False)
 
     user: Mapped["User"] = relationship()
     project: Mapped["Project | None"] = relationship()
     tool_type: Mapped["ToolType | None"] = relationship()
+    ssh_key: Mapped["SSHKey | None"] = relationship()
     includes: Mapped[list["ConfigProfileInclude"]] = relationship(
         "ConfigProfileInclude",
         foreign_keys="ConfigProfileInclude.profile_id",

apps/api/src/services/config_profile_resolver.py

@@ -51,6 +51,7 @@ class ResolvedProfile:
     mounts: dict[str, ResolvedMount] = field(default_factory=dict)
     git_mounts: list[dict[str, Any]] = field(default_factory=list)
     files: dict[str, str] = field(default_factory=dict)
+    ssh_key_id: uuid.UUID | None = None
     env_overrides: dict[str, str] = field(default_factory=dict)
     hint_overrides: dict[str, str] = field(default_factory=dict)
     file_overrides: dict[str, str] = field(default_factory=dict)
@@ -318,6 +319,9 @@ async def _resolve_profile_recursive(
         result.git_mounts = _merge_git_mounts(
             result.git_mounts, included.git_mounts, included.profile_name
         )
+        # Later included profile's SSH key wins
+        if included.ssh_key_id is not None:
+            result.ssh_key_id = included.ssh_key_id
 
     # Apply the profile's own settings (selected profile overrides includes)
     result.env_vars = _merge_env_vars(
@@ -349,6 +353,9 @@ async def _resolve_profile_recursive(
         profile.git_mounts or [],
         profile.name,
     )
+    # Own SSH key overrides any inherited one
+    if profile.ssh_key_id is not None:
+        result.ssh_key_id = profile.ssh_key_id
     return result
 
 
@@ -564,4 +571,5 @@ def resolved_profile_to_dict(resolved: ResolvedProfile) -> dict[str, Any]:
         },
         "git_mounts": resolved.git_mounts,
         "included_profiles": resolved.included_profiles,
+        "ssh_key_id": str(resolved.ssh_key_id) if resolved.ssh_key_id else None,
     }

apps/api/src/services/ssh_keys.py

@@ -19,17 +19,18 @@ def _get_fernet() -> Fernet:
     return Fernet(key)
 
 
-def prepare_ssh_key_files(instance_dir: str, ssh_key) -> str:
+def prepare_ssh_key_files(instance_dir: str, ssh_key, subdir: str = ".ssh") -> str:
     """Decrypt and write SSH key files to instance directory for container mounting.
 
     Args:
         instance_dir: Path to instance directory
         ssh_key: SSHKey model instance with encrypted private key
+        subdir: Subdirectory within instance_dir to write to (default: ".ssh")
 
     Returns:
         Path to the .ssh directory
     """
-    ssh_dir = Path(instance_dir) / ".ssh"
+    ssh_dir = Path(instance_dir) / subdir
     ssh_dir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
 
     # Decrypt private key

apps/web/src/api/config_profiles.ts

@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ export interface ConfigProfile {
 	mounts: ConfigProfileMount[];
 	git_mounts: GitMount[];
 	files: Record<string, string>;
+	ssh_key_id: string | null;
 	is_default: boolean;
 	includes: ConfigProfileInclude[];
 	created_at: string;
@@ -52,6 +53,7 @@ export interface ResolvedProfile {
 	mounts: ResolvedMount[];
 	git_mounts: GitMount[];
 	files: Record<string, string>;
+	ssh_key_id: string | null;
 	overrides: {
 		env_vars: Record<string, string>;
 		runtime_hints: Record<string, string>;
@@ -78,6 +80,7 @@ export interface CreateConfigProfileRequest {
 	mounts?: ConfigProfileMount[];
 	git_mounts?: GitMount[];
 	files?: Record<string, string>;
+	ssh_key_id?: string;
 	is_default?: boolean;
 }
 
@@ -91,6 +94,7 @@ export interface UpdateConfigProfileRequest {
 	mounts?: ConfigProfileMount[];
 	git_mounts?: GitMount[];
 	files?: Record<string, string>;
+	ssh_key_id?: string;
 	is_default?: boolean;
 }
 

apps/web/src/components/git-mount-editor.tsx

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import type { GitMount, GitMountMapping } from "../api/config_profiles";
 interface GitMountEditorProps {
 	mounts: GitMount[];
 	onChange: (mounts: GitMount[]) => void;
+	defaultSshKeyId?: string;
 }
 
 function normalizeMount(mount: GitMount): GitMount {
@@ -33,7 +34,7 @@ function normalizeMounts(mounts: GitMount[]): GitMount[] {
 	return mounts.map(normalizeMount);
 }
 
-export const GitMountEditor = ({ mounts, onChange }: GitMountEditorProps) => {
+export const GitMountEditor = ({ mounts, onChange, defaultSshKeyId }: GitMountEditorProps) => {
 	const [normalizedMounts, setNormalizedMounts] = useState<GitMount[]>(() =>
 		normalizeMounts(mounts),
 	);
@@ -92,6 +93,7 @@ export const GitMountEditor = ({ mounts, onChange }: GitMountEditorProps) => {
 									mount={mount}
 									onSave={(updated) => handleUpdate(index, updated)}
 									onCancel={() => setEditingIndex(null)}
+									defaultSshKeyId={defaultSshKeyId}
 								/>
 							) : (
 								<div>
@@ -183,6 +185,7 @@ export const GitMountEditor = ({ mounts, onChange }: GitMountEditorProps) => {
 						}}
 						onSave={handleAdd}
 						onCancel={() => setIsAdding(false)}
+						defaultSshKeyId={defaultSshKeyId}
 					/>
 				</div>
 			) : (
@@ -203,6 +206,7 @@ interface GitMountFormProps {
 	mount: GitMount;
 	onSave: (mount: GitMount) => void;
 	onCancel: () => void;
+	defaultSshKeyId?: string;
 }
 
 type ValidationState =
@@ -212,7 +216,7 @@ type ValidationState =
 	| { status: "suggestion"; suggestedUrl: string; message: string }
 	| { status: "invalid"; message: string };
 
-const GitMountForm = ({ mount, onSave, onCancel }: GitMountFormProps) => {
+const GitMountForm = ({ mount, onSave, onCancel, defaultSshKeyId }: GitMountFormProps) => {
 	const [remoteUrl, setRemoteUrl] = useState(mount.remote_url);
 	const [branch, setBranch] = useState(mount.branch || "");
 	const [mappings, setMappings] = useState<GitMountMapping[]>(
@@ -221,7 +225,9 @@ const GitMountForm = ({ mount, onSave, onCancel }: GitMountFormProps) => {
 			: [{ source_path: ".", target_path: "" }],
 	);
 	const [errors, setErrors] = useState<Record<string, string>>({});
-	const [validation, setValidation] = useState<ValidationState>({ status: "idle" });
+	const [validation, setValidation] = useState<ValidationState>({
+		status: "idle",
+	});
 
 	const isUrlValidated =
 		validation.status === "valid" ||
@@ -239,7 +245,10 @@ const GitMountForm = ({ mount, onSave, onCancel }: GitMountFormProps) => {
 			return next;
 		});
 		try {
-			const result = await validateGitUrl(remoteUrl.trim());
+			const result = await validateGitUrl(
+				remoteUrl.trim(),
+				defaultSshKeyId,
+			);
 			if (result.valid && result.branches) {
 				setValidation({
 					status: "valid",
@@ -351,7 +360,10 @@ const GitMountForm = ({ mount, onSave, onCancel }: GitMountFormProps) => {
 
 	return (
 		<div style={{ display: "flex", flexDirection: "column", gap: "0.75rem" }}>
-			<div className="form-row" style={{ gap: "0.5rem", alignItems: "flex-start" }}>
+			<div
+				className="form-row"
+				style={{ gap: "0.5rem", alignItems: "flex-start" }}
+			>
 				<div style={{ flex: 2 }}>
 					<label style={{ fontSize: "0.875rem", fontWeight: 500 }}>
 						Repository URL
@@ -393,16 +405,19 @@ const GitMountForm = ({ mount, onSave, onCancel }: GitMountFormProps) => {
 					)}
 					{validation.status === "valid" && (
 						<span className="validation-status valid">
-							Repository is accessible ({(validation as Extract<ValidationState, { status: "valid" }>).branches.length} branches)
+							Repository is accessible (
+							{
+								(validation as Extract<ValidationState, { status: "valid" }>)
+									.branches.length
+							}{" "}
+							branches)
 						</span>
 					)}
 					{validation.status === "suggestion" && (
 						<div className="url-suggestion">
 							<span>{validation.message}</span>
 							<div className="suggestion-actions">
-								<code className="suggested-url">
-									{validation.suggestedUrl}
-								</code>
+								<code className="suggested-url">{validation.suggestedUrl}</code>
 								<button
 									type="button"
 									className="secondary-button small"
@@ -429,13 +444,13 @@ const GitMountForm = ({ mount, onSave, onCancel }: GitMountFormProps) => {
 							onChange={(e) => setBranch(e.target.value)}
 							className="form-input"
 						>
-							{(validation as Extract<ValidationState, { status: "valid" }>).branches.map(
-								(b) => (
-									<option key={b} value={b}>
-										{b}
-									</option>
-								),
-							)}
+							{(
+								validation as Extract<ValidationState, { status: "valid" }>
+							).branches.map((b) => (
+								<option key={b} value={b}>
+									{b}
+								</option>
+							))}
 						</select>
 					) : (
 						<input
@@ -450,7 +465,12 @@ const GitMountForm = ({ mount, onSave, onCancel }: GitMountFormProps) => {
 				</div>
 			</div>
 
-			<div style={{ opacity: isUrlValidated ? 1 : 0.5, pointerEvents: isUrlValidated ? "auto" : "none" }}>
+			<div
+				style={{
+					opacity: isUrlValidated ? 1 : 0.5,
+					pointerEvents: isUrlValidated ? "auto" : "none",
+				}}
+			>
 				<label style={{ fontSize: "0.875rem", fontWeight: 500 }}>
 					Mappings
 				</label>
@@ -461,7 +481,8 @@ const GitMountForm = ({ mount, onSave, onCancel }: GitMountFormProps) => {
 					Source paths within the repo and where to mount them in the container.
 					{!isUrlValidated && (
 						<span style={{ color: "var(--warning)" }}>
-							{" "}Validate the URL first.
+							{" "}
+							Validate the URL first.
 						</span>
 					)}
 				</p>

apps/web/src/pages/config-profiles.tsx

@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ import {
   type CreateConfigProfileRequest,
   type ResolvedProfile,
 } from "../api/config_profiles";
+import { listSSHKeys, type SSHKey } from "../api/ssh_keys";
 import { listProjects } from "../api/projects";
 import type { Project } from "../types";
 import { listToolTypes, type ToolType } from "../api/tool_types";
@@ -33,6 +34,7 @@ export const ConfigProfilesPage = () => {
   const [profiles, setProfiles] = useState<ConfigProfile[]>([]);
   const [projects, setProjects] = useState<Project[]>([]);
   const [toolTypes, setToolTypes] = useState<ToolType[]>([]);
+  const [sshKeys, setSshKeys] = useState<SSHKey[]>([]);
 
   const [selectedProfileId, setSelectedProfileId] = useState<string | null>(null);
   const [isCreating, setIsCreating] = useState(false);
@@ -50,6 +52,7 @@ export const ConfigProfilesPage = () => {
     mounts: [],
     git_mounts: [],
     files: {},
+    ssh_key_id: undefined,
     is_default: false,
   });
 
@@ -61,11 +64,13 @@ export const ConfigProfilesPage = () => {
   const loadData = useCallback(async () => {
     setStatus("loading");
     try {
-      const [profs, projs, types] = await Promise.all([
+      const [profs, projs, types, keys] = await Promise.all([
         listConfigProfiles(),
         listProjects(),
         listToolTypes(),
+        listSSHKeys(),
       ]);
+      setSshKeys(keys);
       setProfiles(profs || []);
       setProjects(projs || []);
       setToolTypes(types || []);
@@ -89,6 +94,7 @@ export const ConfigProfilesPage = () => {
       mounts: [],
       git_mounts: [],
       files: {},
+      ssh_key_id: undefined,
       is_default: false,
     });
     setIncludedProfileIds([]);
@@ -108,6 +114,7 @@ export const ConfigProfilesPage = () => {
       mounts: profile.mounts,
       git_mounts: profile.git_mounts || [],
       files: profile.files,
+      ssh_key_id: profile.ssh_key_id || undefined,
       is_default: profile.is_default,
     });
     setIncludedProfileIds(
@@ -467,6 +474,7 @@ export const ConfigProfilesPage = () => {
         { label: "Description", value: selectedProfile.description || "-" },
         { label: "Scope", value: getScopeLabel(selectedProfile) },
         { label: "Default", value: selectedProfile.is_default ? "Yes" : "No" },
+        { label: "SSH Key", value: sshKeys.find(k => k.id === selectedProfile.ssh_key_id)?.name || "-" },
         { label: "Environment Variables", value: Object.keys(selectedProfile.env_vars).length > 0 ? Object.entries(selectedProfile.env_vars).map(([k, v]) => `${k}=${v}`).join(", ") : "-" },
         { label: "Mounts", value: selectedProfile.mounts.length > 0 ? selectedProfile.mounts.map((m) => `${m.target} (${m.mode})`).join(", ") : "-" },
         { label: "Includes", value: selectedProfile.includes.length > 0 ? `${selectedProfile.includes.length} profile(s)` : "-" },
@@ -563,6 +571,27 @@ export const ConfigProfilesPage = () => {
             </label>
           </div>
 
+          <div className="form-group">
+            <label>SSH Key</label>
+            <select
+              value={formData.ssh_key_id || ""}
+              onChange={(e) =>
+                updateFormField("ssh_key_id", e.target.value || undefined)
+              }
+            >
+              <option value="">None</option>
+              {sshKeys.map((key) => (
+                <option key={key.id} value={key.id}>
+                  {key.name}
+                </option>
+              ))}
+            </select>
+            <div className="hint">
+              Mounts this SSH key into the container at {"~/.ssh"} when a
+              tool instance is started with this profile.
+            </div>
+          </div>
+
           {/* Environment Variables */}
           <div className="form-group">
             <label>Environment Variables</label>
@@ -1248,6 +1277,7 @@ export const ConfigProfilesPage = () => {
                 <GitMountEditor
                   mounts={formData.git_mounts || []}
                   onChange={(git_mounts) => updateFormField("git_mounts", git_mounts)}
+                  defaultSshKeyId={formData.ssh_key_id || undefined}
                 />
               </div>
 

openspec/changes/ssh-key-mounting/.openspec.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+name: ssh-key-mounting
+status: implementing
+priority: high
+created_at: 2026-05-28
+updated_at: 2026-05-28
+labels:
+  - feature
+  - ssh
+  - config-profiles
+stories:
+  - title: Select SSH key in config profile
+    description: |
+      Add ssh_key_id to ConfigProfile so users can select an SSH key
+      to mount into container home directory (~/.ssh) when starting
+      a tool instance with that profile.
+    acceptance_criteria:
+      - ConfigProfile model has nullable ssh_key_id column
+      - Config profile API accepts/returns ssh_key_id
+      - ResolvedProfile includes ssh_key_id
+      - start_instance mounts SSH key to {home_dir}/.ssh after applying profile
+      - Frontend config profile form has SSH key selector dropdown
+      - Git mount URL validation defaults to profile's SSH key
+    tests:
+      - unit: test_config_profile_resolver.py (resolver includes ssh_key_id)
+      - unit: test_tool_instances_legacy.py (ssh key mount integration)
+    estimated_effort: small

openspec/explorations/ssh-key-mounting.md

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+# Exploration: SSH Key Mounting in Config Profiles
+
+## Current State
+- SSH keys are stored in `ssh_keys` table, user-scoped
+- Keys are attached to `GitRepository` via `ssh_key_id`
+- On clone-mode instance start, the repo's key is mounted to `/root/.ssh`
+- `prepare_ssh_key_files` writes to `instance_dir/.ssh`
+- Only works for clone mode; always mounts to `/root/.ssh`
+
+## Problem
+1. Keys are tied to repositories, not selectable per-instance or per-profile
+2. Always mounted to `/root/.ssh`, not the container user's home dir
+3. Only clone-mode instances get SSH keys; mount-mode instances can't use SSH
+
+## Solution
+Add `ssh_key_id` to ConfigProfile. When a profile with an SSH key is applied:
+1. Fetch the SSH key
+2. Stage decrypted files to `instance_dir/mounts/ssh/.ssh`
+3. Add volume mount to compose: `instance_dir/mounts/ssh/.ssh` → `{home_dir}/.ssh`
+4. This works for all instance types (manifest, legacy, clone, mount)
+
+## Files to Change
+- `apps/api/src/models/config_profile.py` — add `ssh_key_id` column
+- `apps/api/alembic/versions/` — migration
+- `apps/api/src/services/config_profile_resolver.py` — resolve + apply
+- `apps/api/src/services/ssh_keys.py` — allow custom output subdir
+- `apps/api/src/api/config_profiles.py` — CRUD + validation
+- `apps/web/src/api/config_profiles.ts` — type + API
+- `apps/web/src/pages/config-profiles.tsx` — SSH key selector UI